Land Use Change in a Pericolonial Society: Intensification and Diversification in Ifugao, Philippines Between 1570 and 1800 CE
Land use modelling is increasingly used by archaeologists and palaeoecologists seeking to quantify and compare the changing influence of humans on the environment. In Southeast Asia, the intensification of rice agriculture and the arrival of European colonizers have both been seen as major catalysts...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Earth Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2022.680926/full |
| _version_ | 1797998758485557248 |
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| author | David Max Findley Greg Bankoff Grace Barretto-Tesoro Rebecca Hamilton Andrea U. Kay Stephen Acabado Noel Amano Jed O. Kaplan Patrick Roberts Patrick Roberts Patrick Roberts |
| author_facet | David Max Findley Greg Bankoff Grace Barretto-Tesoro Rebecca Hamilton Andrea U. Kay Stephen Acabado Noel Amano Jed O. Kaplan Patrick Roberts Patrick Roberts Patrick Roberts |
| author_sort | David Max Findley |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Land use modelling is increasingly used by archaeologists and palaeoecologists seeking to quantify and compare the changing influence of humans on the environment. In Southeast Asia, the intensification of rice agriculture and the arrival of European colonizers have both been seen as major catalysts for deforestation, soil erosion, and biodiversity change. Here we consider the Tuwali-Ifugao people of the Cordillera Central (Luzon, Philippines), who resisted Spanish colonial subjugation from the 16th to the mid-nineteenth century, in part through the development of a world-renowned system of intensive wet-rice terrace agriculture. To quantify changes in how the Tuwali-Ifugao used their environment, we model land use in Old Kiyyangan Village, a long-inhabited settlement, at two timepoints: circa 1570 CE, prior to the Spanish arrival in Luzon, and circa 1800 CE, before the village was sacked by Spanish military expeditions. Our model demonstrates that between 1570 and 1800 the adoption of rice as a staple and the corresponding expansion in terrace agriculture, along with a general diversification of diet and land use, enabled the village’s population to double without increasing total land use area. Further, this major intensification led to the solidification of social hierarchies and occurred without a proportional increase in deforestation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T10:53:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0137dc6819664af6b84abb6b3a4eb57b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-6463 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T10:53:47Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Earth Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-0137dc6819664af6b84abb6b3a4eb57b2022-12-22T04:28:50ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Earth Science2296-64632022-03-011010.3389/feart.2022.680926680926Land Use Change in a Pericolonial Society: Intensification and Diversification in Ifugao, Philippines Between 1570 and 1800 CEDavid Max Findley0Greg Bankoff1Grace Barretto-Tesoro2Rebecca Hamilton3Andrea U. Kay4Stephen Acabado5Noel Amano6Jed O. Kaplan7Patrick Roberts8Patrick Roberts9Patrick Roberts10Department of Archeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, GermanyDepartment of History, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, PhilippinesArchaeological Studies Program, University of the Philippines, Quezon City, PhilippinesDepartment of Archeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, GermanyDepartment of Archeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, GermanyDepartment of History, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, PhilippinesDepartment of Archeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, GermanyDepartment of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaDepartment of Archeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, GermanyArchaeological Studies Program, University of the Philippines, Quezon City, PhilippinesSchool of Social Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, AustraliaLand use modelling is increasingly used by archaeologists and palaeoecologists seeking to quantify and compare the changing influence of humans on the environment. In Southeast Asia, the intensification of rice agriculture and the arrival of European colonizers have both been seen as major catalysts for deforestation, soil erosion, and biodiversity change. Here we consider the Tuwali-Ifugao people of the Cordillera Central (Luzon, Philippines), who resisted Spanish colonial subjugation from the 16th to the mid-nineteenth century, in part through the development of a world-renowned system of intensive wet-rice terrace agriculture. To quantify changes in how the Tuwali-Ifugao used their environment, we model land use in Old Kiyyangan Village, a long-inhabited settlement, at two timepoints: circa 1570 CE, prior to the Spanish arrival in Luzon, and circa 1800 CE, before the village was sacked by Spanish military expeditions. Our model demonstrates that between 1570 and 1800 the adoption of rice as a staple and the corresponding expansion in terrace agriculture, along with a general diversification of diet and land use, enabled the village’s population to double without increasing total land use area. Further, this major intensification led to the solidification of social hierarchies and occurred without a proportional increase in deforestation.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2022.680926/fullifugaocircle diagramsland use modellingpericolonialismPhilippinessocio-ecology |
| spellingShingle | David Max Findley Greg Bankoff Grace Barretto-Tesoro Rebecca Hamilton Andrea U. Kay Stephen Acabado Noel Amano Jed O. Kaplan Patrick Roberts Patrick Roberts Patrick Roberts Land Use Change in a Pericolonial Society: Intensification and Diversification in Ifugao, Philippines Between 1570 and 1800 CE Frontiers in Earth Science ifugao circle diagrams land use modelling pericolonialism Philippines socio-ecology |
| title | Land Use Change in a Pericolonial Society: Intensification and Diversification in Ifugao, Philippines Between 1570 and 1800 CE |
| title_full | Land Use Change in a Pericolonial Society: Intensification and Diversification in Ifugao, Philippines Between 1570 and 1800 CE |
| title_fullStr | Land Use Change in a Pericolonial Society: Intensification and Diversification in Ifugao, Philippines Between 1570 and 1800 CE |
| title_full_unstemmed | Land Use Change in a Pericolonial Society: Intensification and Diversification in Ifugao, Philippines Between 1570 and 1800 CE |
| title_short | Land Use Change in a Pericolonial Society: Intensification and Diversification in Ifugao, Philippines Between 1570 and 1800 CE |
| title_sort | land use change in a pericolonial society intensification and diversification in ifugao philippines between 1570 and 1800 ce |
| topic | ifugao circle diagrams land use modelling pericolonialism Philippines socio-ecology |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2022.680926/full |
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