Tetrodotoxin (TTX) as a Therapeutic Agent for Pain
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs). VGSCs play a critical role in neuronal function under both physiological and pathological conditions. TTX has been extensively used to functionally characterize VGSCs, which can be classified as TTX-sensitiv...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2012-01-01
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| Series: | Marine Drugs |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/10/2/281/ |
| _version_ | 1818014154133340160 |
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| author | Cruz Miguel Cendán Cristina Sánchez-Fernández Rafael González-Cano Miguel Ángel Tejada Enrique José Cobos Francisco Rafael Nieto |
| author_facet | Cruz Miguel Cendán Cristina Sánchez-Fernández Rafael González-Cano Miguel Ángel Tejada Enrique José Cobos Francisco Rafael Nieto |
| author_sort | Cruz Miguel Cendán |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs). VGSCs play a critical role in neuronal function under both physiological and pathological conditions. TTX has been extensively used to functionally characterize VGSCs, which can be classified as TTX-sensitive or TTX-resistant channels according to their sensitivity to this toxin. Alterations in the expression and/or function of some specific TTX-sensitive VGSCs have been implicated in a number of chronic pain conditions. The administration of TTX at doses below those that interfere with the generation and conduction of action potentials in normal (non-injured) nerves has been used in humans and experimental animals under different pain conditions. These data indicate a role for TTX as a potential therapeutic agent for pain. This review focuses on the preclinical and clinical evidence supporting a potential analgesic role for TTX. In addition, the contribution of specific TTX-sensitive VGSCs to pain is reviewed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T06:41:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-013d770f89b44c40960502fb22ebb0f6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1660-3397 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T06:41:39Z |
| publishDate | 2012-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Marine Drugs |
| spelling | doaj.art-013d770f89b44c40960502fb22ebb0f62022-12-22T02:07:18ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972012-01-0110228130510.3390/md10020281Tetrodotoxin (TTX) as a Therapeutic Agent for PainCruz Miguel CendánCristina Sánchez-FernándezRafael González-CanoMiguel Ángel TejadaEnrique José CobosFrancisco Rafael NietoTetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs). VGSCs play a critical role in neuronal function under both physiological and pathological conditions. TTX has been extensively used to functionally characterize VGSCs, which can be classified as TTX-sensitive or TTX-resistant channels according to their sensitivity to this toxin. Alterations in the expression and/or function of some specific TTX-sensitive VGSCs have been implicated in a number of chronic pain conditions. The administration of TTX at doses below those that interfere with the generation and conduction of action potentials in normal (non-injured) nerves has been used in humans and experimental animals under different pain conditions. These data indicate a role for TTX as a potential therapeutic agent for pain. This review focuses on the preclinical and clinical evidence supporting a potential analgesic role for TTX. In addition, the contribution of specific TTX-sensitive VGSCs to pain is reviewed.http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/10/2/281/tetrodotoxinTTXTTX-sensitive voltage-gated sodium channelspainneuropathic pain |
| spellingShingle | Cruz Miguel Cendán Cristina Sánchez-Fernández Rafael González-Cano Miguel Ángel Tejada Enrique José Cobos Francisco Rafael Nieto Tetrodotoxin (TTX) as a Therapeutic Agent for Pain Marine Drugs tetrodotoxin TTX TTX-sensitive voltage-gated sodium channels pain neuropathic pain |
| title | Tetrodotoxin (TTX) as a Therapeutic Agent for Pain |
| title_full | Tetrodotoxin (TTX) as a Therapeutic Agent for Pain |
| title_fullStr | Tetrodotoxin (TTX) as a Therapeutic Agent for Pain |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tetrodotoxin (TTX) as a Therapeutic Agent for Pain |
| title_short | Tetrodotoxin (TTX) as a Therapeutic Agent for Pain |
| title_sort | tetrodotoxin ttx as a therapeutic agent for pain |
| topic | tetrodotoxin TTX TTX-sensitive voltage-gated sodium channels pain neuropathic pain |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/10/2/281/ |
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