Volatile organic compound fluxes over a winter wheat field by PTR-Qi-TOF-MS and eddy covariance
<p>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) contribute to air pollution through the formation of secondary aerosols and ozone and extend the lifetime of methane in the atmosphere. Tropospheric VOCs originate to 90 % from biogenic sources on a global scale, mainly from forests. Crops are also a potent...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/22/2817/2022/acp-22-2817-2022.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818490269708845056 |
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| author | B. Loubet P. Buysse L. Gonzaga-Gomez F. Lafouge R. Ciuraru C. Decuq J. Kammer J. Kammer S. Bsaibes S. Bsaibes C. Boissard C. Boissard B. Durand J.-C. Gueudet O. Fanucci O. Zurfluh L. Abis L. Abis N. Zannoni N. Zannoni F. Truong D. Baisnée R. Sarda-Estève M. Staudt V. Gros |
| author_facet | B. Loubet P. Buysse L. Gonzaga-Gomez F. Lafouge R. Ciuraru C. Decuq J. Kammer J. Kammer S. Bsaibes S. Bsaibes C. Boissard C. Boissard B. Durand J.-C. Gueudet O. Fanucci O. Zurfluh L. Abis L. Abis N. Zannoni N. Zannoni F. Truong D. Baisnée R. Sarda-Estève M. Staudt V. Gros |
| author_sort | B. Loubet |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) contribute to air
pollution through the formation of secondary aerosols and ozone and extend
the lifetime of methane in the atmosphere. Tropospheric VOCs originate to
90 % from biogenic sources on a global scale, mainly from forests. Crops
are also a potentially large yet poorly characterized source of VOCs (30 %
of the VOC emissions in Europe, mostly oxygenated). In this study, we
investigated VOC fluxes over a winter wheat field by eddy covariance using a
PTR-Qi-TOF-MS with high sensitivity and mass resolution. The study took
place near Paris over a 5-week period and included flowering, crop maturity
and senescence. We found a total of 123 VOCs with fluxes 3 times above
the detection limit. Methanol was the most emitted compound with an average
flux of 63 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>g m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−2</sup></span> h<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>, representing about 52 % of summed
VOC emissions on a molar basis (36 % on a mass basis). We also identified
ethanol, acetone, acetaldehyde and dimethyl sulfide among the six most
emitted compounds. The third most emitted VOC corresponded to the ion <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>z</mi></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="23pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="55e7511b997f0b1e1b80fcef0834494e"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-2817-2022-ie00001.svg" width="23pt" height="14pt" src="acp-22-2817-2022-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> 93.033. It was tentatively identified as furan (C<span class="inline-formula"><sub>6</sub></span>H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>4</sub></span>O), a compound
not previously reported to be strongly emitted by crops. The average summed
VOC emissions were about 173 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 6 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>g m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>2</sup></span> h<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>,
while the average VOC depositions were about 109 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 2 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>g m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−2</sup></span> h<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> and hence 63 % of the VOC emissions on a mass basis. The
net ecosystem flux of VOCs was an emission of 64 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 6 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>g m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−2</sup></span> h<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> (0.5 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 0.05 nmol m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−2</sup></span> s<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>). The most
deposited VOCs were identified as hydroxyacetone, acetic acid and fragments
of oxidized VOCs. Overall, our results reveal that wheat fields represent a
non-negligible source and sink of VOCs to be considered in regional VOC
budgets and underline the usefulness and limitations of eddy covariance
measurements with a PTR-Qi-TOF-MS.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T17:14:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-01484e4d65fa45e499d46fc24975c5a4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T17:14:28Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-01484e4d65fa45e499d46fc24975c5a42022-12-22T01:40:11ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242022-03-01222817284210.5194/acp-22-2817-2022Volatile organic compound fluxes over a winter wheat field by PTR-Qi-TOF-MS and eddy covarianceB. Loubet0P. Buysse1L. Gonzaga-Gomez2F. Lafouge3R. Ciuraru4C. Decuq5J. Kammer6J. Kammer7S. Bsaibes8S. Bsaibes9C. Boissard10C. Boissard11B. Durand12J.-C. Gueudet13O. Fanucci14O. Zurfluh15L. Abis16L. Abis17N. Zannoni18N. Zannoni19F. Truong20D. Baisnée21R. Sarda-Estève22M. Staudt23V. Gros24UMR ECOSYS, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, FranceUMR ECOSYS, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, FranceUMR ECOSYS, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, FranceUMR ECOSYS, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, FranceUMR ECOSYS, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, FranceUMR ECOSYS, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, FranceUMR ECOSYS, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, Francenow at: Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, LCE, Marseille, FranceUMR ECOSYS, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, FranceLaboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE, UMR CNRS-CEA-UVSQ, IPSL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, Île-de-France, FranceLaboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE, UMR CNRS-CEA-UVSQ, IPSL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, Île-de-France, FranceUniversité de Paris and Univ. Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, LISA, 75013 Paris, FranceUMR ECOSYS, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, FranceUMR ECOSYS, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, FranceUMR ECOSYS, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, FranceUMR ECOSYS, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, FranceUMR ECOSYS, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, Francenow at: Umweltchemie und Luftreinhaltung, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, Berlin, 10623, GermanyLaboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE, UMR CNRS-CEA-UVSQ, IPSL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, Île-de-France, Francenow at: Max-Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, GermanyLaboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE, UMR CNRS-CEA-UVSQ, IPSL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, Île-de-France, FranceLaboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE, UMR CNRS-CEA-UVSQ, IPSL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, Île-de-France, FranceLaboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE, UMR CNRS-CEA-UVSQ, IPSL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, Île-de-France, FranceCEFE, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, FranceLaboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE, UMR CNRS-CEA-UVSQ, IPSL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, Île-de-France, France<p>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) contribute to air pollution through the formation of secondary aerosols and ozone and extend the lifetime of methane in the atmosphere. Tropospheric VOCs originate to 90 % from biogenic sources on a global scale, mainly from forests. Crops are also a potentially large yet poorly characterized source of VOCs (30 % of the VOC emissions in Europe, mostly oxygenated). In this study, we investigated VOC fluxes over a winter wheat field by eddy covariance using a PTR-Qi-TOF-MS with high sensitivity and mass resolution. The study took place near Paris over a 5-week period and included flowering, crop maturity and senescence. We found a total of 123 VOCs with fluxes 3 times above the detection limit. Methanol was the most emitted compound with an average flux of 63 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>g m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−2</sup></span> h<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>, representing about 52 % of summed VOC emissions on a molar basis (36 % on a mass basis). We also identified ethanol, acetone, acetaldehyde and dimethyl sulfide among the six most emitted compounds. The third most emitted VOC corresponded to the ion <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>z</mi></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="23pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="55e7511b997f0b1e1b80fcef0834494e"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-2817-2022-ie00001.svg" width="23pt" height="14pt" src="acp-22-2817-2022-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> 93.033. It was tentatively identified as furan (C<span class="inline-formula"><sub>6</sub></span>H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>4</sub></span>O), a compound not previously reported to be strongly emitted by crops. The average summed VOC emissions were about 173 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 6 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>g m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>2</sup></span> h<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>, while the average VOC depositions were about 109 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 2 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>g m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−2</sup></span> h<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> and hence 63 % of the VOC emissions on a mass basis. The net ecosystem flux of VOCs was an emission of 64 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 6 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>g m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−2</sup></span> h<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> (0.5 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 0.05 nmol m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−2</sup></span> s<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>). The most deposited VOCs were identified as hydroxyacetone, acetic acid and fragments of oxidized VOCs. Overall, our results reveal that wheat fields represent a non-negligible source and sink of VOCs to be considered in regional VOC budgets and underline the usefulness and limitations of eddy covariance measurements with a PTR-Qi-TOF-MS.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/22/2817/2022/acp-22-2817-2022.pdf |
| spellingShingle | B. Loubet P. Buysse L. Gonzaga-Gomez F. Lafouge R. Ciuraru C. Decuq J. Kammer J. Kammer S. Bsaibes S. Bsaibes C. Boissard C. Boissard B. Durand J.-C. Gueudet O. Fanucci O. Zurfluh L. Abis L. Abis N. Zannoni N. Zannoni F. Truong D. Baisnée R. Sarda-Estève M. Staudt V. Gros Volatile organic compound fluxes over a winter wheat field by PTR-Qi-TOF-MS and eddy covariance Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Volatile organic compound fluxes over a winter wheat field by PTR-Qi-TOF-MS and eddy covariance |
| title_full | Volatile organic compound fluxes over a winter wheat field by PTR-Qi-TOF-MS and eddy covariance |
| title_fullStr | Volatile organic compound fluxes over a winter wheat field by PTR-Qi-TOF-MS and eddy covariance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Volatile organic compound fluxes over a winter wheat field by PTR-Qi-TOF-MS and eddy covariance |
| title_short | Volatile organic compound fluxes over a winter wheat field by PTR-Qi-TOF-MS and eddy covariance |
| title_sort | volatile organic compound fluxes over a winter wheat field by ptr qi tof ms and eddy covariance |
| url | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/22/2817/2022/acp-22-2817-2022.pdf |
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