Utilization of dried blood spot specimens can expedite nationwide surveillance of HIV drug resistance in resource-limited settings.
INTRODUCTION:Surveillance of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) is crucial to ensuring the continued success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs. With the concern of reduced genotyping sensitivity of HIV on dried blood spots (DBS), DBS for HIVDR surveillance have been limited to ART-naïve populations....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2018-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6128523?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1819262444211535872 |
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| author | Guoqing Zhang Joshua DeVos Sandra Medina-Moreno Nicholas Wagar Karidia Diallo R Suzanne Beard Du-Ping Zheng Christine Mwachari Carolyn Riwa Boniface Jullu Ngugi Evelyn Wangari Mary S Kibona Lucy W Ng'Ang'A Elliot Raizes Chunfu Yang |
| author_facet | Guoqing Zhang Joshua DeVos Sandra Medina-Moreno Nicholas Wagar Karidia Diallo R Suzanne Beard Du-Ping Zheng Christine Mwachari Carolyn Riwa Boniface Jullu Ngugi Evelyn Wangari Mary S Kibona Lucy W Ng'Ang'A Elliot Raizes Chunfu Yang |
| author_sort | Guoqing Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | INTRODUCTION:Surveillance of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) is crucial to ensuring the continued success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs. With the concern of reduced genotyping sensitivity of HIV on dried blood spots (DBS), DBS for HIVDR surveillance have been limited to ART-naïve populations. To investigate if DBS under certain conditions may also be a feasible sample type for HIVDR testing in ART patients, we piloted nationwide surveys for HIVDR among ART patients using DBS in two African countries with rapid scale-up of ART. METHODS:EDTA-venous blood was collected to prepare DBS from adult and pediatric ART patients receiving treatment during the previous 12-36 months. DBS were stored at ambient temperature for two weeks and then at -80°C until shipment at ambient temperature to the WHO-designated Specialized HIVDR Laboratory at CDC in Atlanta. Viral load (VL) was determined using NucliSENS EasyQ® HIV-1 v2.0 kits; HIVDR genotyping was performed using the ATCC HIV-1 Drug Resistance Genotyping kits. RESULTS:DBS were collected from 1,368 and 1,202 ART patients; 244 and 255 these specimens had VL ≥1,000 copies/mL in Kenya and Tanzania, respectively. The overall genotyping rate of those DBS with VL ≥1,000 copies/mL was 93.0% (95% CI: 89.1%-95.6%) in Kenya and 91.8% (87.7%-94.6%) in Tanzania. The turnaround times for the HIVDR surveys from the time of collecting DBS to completing laboratory testing were 6.5 months and 9.3 months for the Kenya and Tanzania surveys, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The study demonstrates a favorable outcome of using DBS for nationwide surveillance of HIVDR in ART patients. Our results confirm that DBS collected and stored at ambient temperature for two weeks, and shipped with routine courier services are a reliable sample type for large-scale surveillance of acquired HIVDR. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T19:57:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-01486e7b61ca4fc58e10e95bf3b404a7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T19:57:47Z |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-01486e7b61ca4fc58e10e95bf3b404a72022-12-21T17:33:10ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032018-01-01139e020329610.1371/journal.pone.0203296Utilization of dried blood spot specimens can expedite nationwide surveillance of HIV drug resistance in resource-limited settings.Guoqing ZhangJoshua DeVosSandra Medina-MorenoNicholas WagarKaridia DialloR Suzanne BeardDu-Ping ZhengChristine MwachariCarolyn RiwaBoniface JulluNgugi Evelyn WangariMary S KibonaLucy W Ng'Ang'AElliot RaizesChunfu YangINTRODUCTION:Surveillance of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) is crucial to ensuring the continued success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs. With the concern of reduced genotyping sensitivity of HIV on dried blood spots (DBS), DBS for HIVDR surveillance have been limited to ART-naïve populations. To investigate if DBS under certain conditions may also be a feasible sample type for HIVDR testing in ART patients, we piloted nationwide surveys for HIVDR among ART patients using DBS in two African countries with rapid scale-up of ART. METHODS:EDTA-venous blood was collected to prepare DBS from adult and pediatric ART patients receiving treatment during the previous 12-36 months. DBS were stored at ambient temperature for two weeks and then at -80°C until shipment at ambient temperature to the WHO-designated Specialized HIVDR Laboratory at CDC in Atlanta. Viral load (VL) was determined using NucliSENS EasyQ® HIV-1 v2.0 kits; HIVDR genotyping was performed using the ATCC HIV-1 Drug Resistance Genotyping kits. RESULTS:DBS were collected from 1,368 and 1,202 ART patients; 244 and 255 these specimens had VL ≥1,000 copies/mL in Kenya and Tanzania, respectively. The overall genotyping rate of those DBS with VL ≥1,000 copies/mL was 93.0% (95% CI: 89.1%-95.6%) in Kenya and 91.8% (87.7%-94.6%) in Tanzania. The turnaround times for the HIVDR surveys from the time of collecting DBS to completing laboratory testing were 6.5 months and 9.3 months for the Kenya and Tanzania surveys, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The study demonstrates a favorable outcome of using DBS for nationwide surveillance of HIVDR in ART patients. Our results confirm that DBS collected and stored at ambient temperature for two weeks, and shipped with routine courier services are a reliable sample type for large-scale surveillance of acquired HIVDR.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6128523?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Guoqing Zhang Joshua DeVos Sandra Medina-Moreno Nicholas Wagar Karidia Diallo R Suzanne Beard Du-Ping Zheng Christine Mwachari Carolyn Riwa Boniface Jullu Ngugi Evelyn Wangari Mary S Kibona Lucy W Ng'Ang'A Elliot Raizes Chunfu Yang Utilization of dried blood spot specimens can expedite nationwide surveillance of HIV drug resistance in resource-limited settings. PLoS ONE |
| title | Utilization of dried blood spot specimens can expedite nationwide surveillance of HIV drug resistance in resource-limited settings. |
| title_full | Utilization of dried blood spot specimens can expedite nationwide surveillance of HIV drug resistance in resource-limited settings. |
| title_fullStr | Utilization of dried blood spot specimens can expedite nationwide surveillance of HIV drug resistance in resource-limited settings. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Utilization of dried blood spot specimens can expedite nationwide surveillance of HIV drug resistance in resource-limited settings. |
| title_short | Utilization of dried blood spot specimens can expedite nationwide surveillance of HIV drug resistance in resource-limited settings. |
| title_sort | utilization of dried blood spot specimens can expedite nationwide surveillance of hiv drug resistance in resource limited settings |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6128523?pdf=render |
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