An Efficient Metaheuristic-Based Clustering with Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks
In recent years, the underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) has received a significant interest among research communities for several applications, such as disaster management, water quality prediction, environmental observance, underwater navigation, etc. The UWSN comprises a massive number of...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/2/415 |
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| author | Neelakandan Subramani Prakash Mohan Youseef Alotaibi Saleh Alghamdi Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf |
| author_facet | Neelakandan Subramani Prakash Mohan Youseef Alotaibi Saleh Alghamdi Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf |
| author_sort | Neelakandan Subramani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In recent years, the underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) has received a significant interest among research communities for several applications, such as disaster management, water quality prediction, environmental observance, underwater navigation, etc. The UWSN comprises a massive number of sensors placed in rivers and oceans for observing the underwater environment. However, the underwater sensors are restricted to energy and it is tedious to recharge/replace batteries, resulting in energy efficiency being a major challenge. Clustering and multi-hop routing protocols are considered energy-efficient solutions for UWSN. However, the cluster-based routing protocols for traditional wireless networks could not be feasible for UWSN owing to the underwater current, low bandwidth, high water pressure, propagation delay, and error probability. To resolve these issues and achieve energy efficiency in UWSN, this study focuses on designing the metaheuristics-based clustering with a routing protocol for UWSN, named MCR-UWSN. The goal of the MCR-UWSN technique is to elect an efficient set of cluster heads (CHs) and route to destination. The MCR-UWSN technique involves the designing of cultural emperor penguin optimizer-based clustering (CEPOC) techniques to construct clusters. Besides, the multi-hop routing technique, alongside the grasshopper optimization (MHR-GOA) technique, is derived using multiple input parameters. The performance of the MCR-UWSN technique was validated, and the results are inspected in terms of different measures. The experimental results highlighted an enhanced performance of the MCR-UWSN technique over the recent state-of-art techniques. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:35:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-015795945ef444be82c0d1da2fd3b40b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:35:01Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-015795945ef444be82c0d1da2fd3b40b2023-11-23T15:18:15ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-01-0122241510.3390/s22020415An Efficient Metaheuristic-Based Clustering with Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor NetworksNeelakandan Subramani0Prakash Mohan1Youseef Alotaibi2Saleh Alghamdi3Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf4Department of Computer Science and Engineering, R.M.K Engineering College, Chennai 601206, IndiaDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Karpagam College of Engineering, Coimbatore 641032, IndiaDepartment of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Systems, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Information Technology, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Computer Engineering, Al-Nahrain Nano Renewable Energy Research Center, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 10071, IraqIn recent years, the underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) has received a significant interest among research communities for several applications, such as disaster management, water quality prediction, environmental observance, underwater navigation, etc. The UWSN comprises a massive number of sensors placed in rivers and oceans for observing the underwater environment. However, the underwater sensors are restricted to energy and it is tedious to recharge/replace batteries, resulting in energy efficiency being a major challenge. Clustering and multi-hop routing protocols are considered energy-efficient solutions for UWSN. However, the cluster-based routing protocols for traditional wireless networks could not be feasible for UWSN owing to the underwater current, low bandwidth, high water pressure, propagation delay, and error probability. To resolve these issues and achieve energy efficiency in UWSN, this study focuses on designing the metaheuristics-based clustering with a routing protocol for UWSN, named MCR-UWSN. The goal of the MCR-UWSN technique is to elect an efficient set of cluster heads (CHs) and route to destination. The MCR-UWSN technique involves the designing of cultural emperor penguin optimizer-based clustering (CEPOC) techniques to construct clusters. Besides, the multi-hop routing technique, alongside the grasshopper optimization (MHR-GOA) technique, is derived using multiple input parameters. The performance of the MCR-UWSN technique was validated, and the results are inspected in terms of different measures. The experimental results highlighted an enhanced performance of the MCR-UWSN technique over the recent state-of-art techniques.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/2/415clusteringroutingenergy efficiencyunderwater wireless sensor networkmetaheuristicsfitness function |
| spellingShingle | Neelakandan Subramani Prakash Mohan Youseef Alotaibi Saleh Alghamdi Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf An Efficient Metaheuristic-Based Clustering with Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks Sensors clustering routing energy efficiency underwater wireless sensor network metaheuristics fitness function |
| title | An Efficient Metaheuristic-Based Clustering with Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_full | An Efficient Metaheuristic-Based Clustering with Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_fullStr | An Efficient Metaheuristic-Based Clustering with Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Efficient Metaheuristic-Based Clustering with Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_short | An Efficient Metaheuristic-Based Clustering with Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_sort | efficient metaheuristic based clustering with routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks |
| topic | clustering routing energy efficiency underwater wireless sensor network metaheuristics fitness function |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/2/415 |
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