The two salinity peaks mode of marine salt supply to coastal underground brine during a single tidal cycle
Seawater salt is constantly supplied from the marine environment to coastal underground brine deposits, meaning that brine has the potential for continuous extraction. There is currently a lack of information about the processes that drive the fluxes of seawater salt to underground brine deposits in...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1324163/full |
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| author | Xiaoteng Xiao Xiaoteng Xiao Yufeng Zhang Yufeng Zhang Yufeng Zhang Tengfei Fu Zengbing Sun Zengbing Sun Bingxiao Lei Bingxiao Lei Mingbo Li Mingbo Li Xiujun Guo Xiujun Guo Xiujun Guo |
| author_facet | Xiaoteng Xiao Xiaoteng Xiao Yufeng Zhang Yufeng Zhang Yufeng Zhang Tengfei Fu Zengbing Sun Zengbing Sun Bingxiao Lei Bingxiao Lei Mingbo Li Mingbo Li Xiujun Guo Xiujun Guo Xiujun Guo |
| author_sort | Xiaoteng Xiao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Seawater salt is constantly supplied from the marine environment to coastal underground brine deposits, meaning that brine has the potential for continuous extraction. There is currently a lack of information about the processes that drive the fluxes of seawater salt to underground brine deposits in tidal-driven brine mining areas. We chose the Yangkou salt field on the southern coast of Laizhou Bay, a brine mining area, as our study site. We monitored the spatial and temporal distribution of the underground brine reserve and the changes in water level and salinity in the mining area and adjacent tidal flats using electrical resistivity tomography and hydrogeological measurements. We monitored cross-sections along two survey lines and observed that the underground brine reserve receives a stable supply of seawater salt, and calculated that the rate of influx into the brine body in the mining area near the boundary of the precipitation funnel was 0.226−0.232 t/h. We calculated that a total salt flux of approximately 5.50 t enters the underground brine body every day through a 150 m long shoreline and a 1322.3 m2 window, which is sufficient to sustain the daily extraction of one brine well. During tidal cycles, there are two peaks in the salinity of the water supplied to the underground brine reserve, which means that the brine supply is from at least two high-salinity salt sources in different tidal stages. The first salinity peak occurs during the initial stage of the rising tide after seawater inundates the tidal flat. At this time, seawater, which is a solution and carries a large amount of evaporated salt, is transported into the brine layer through highly permeable areas or biological channels and replenishes the brine in the mining area. The second salinity peak occurs during the early stage of the falling tide. Influenced by hysteresis-driven tidal pumping, high-salinity brine from the lower intertidal zone is rapidly transported into the mining area, thereby increasing the salinity of the underground brine. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T17:05:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-01594f8955b641c68e09c77418c8a679 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T17:05:30Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-01594f8955b641c68e09c77418c8a6792024-01-04T05:09:38ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452024-01-011010.3389/fmars.2023.13241631324163The two salinity peaks mode of marine salt supply to coastal underground brine during a single tidal cycleXiaoteng Xiao0Xiaoteng Xiao1Yufeng Zhang2Yufeng Zhang3Yufeng Zhang4Tengfei Fu5Zengbing Sun6Zengbing Sun7Bingxiao Lei8Bingxiao Lei9Mingbo Li10Mingbo Li11Xiujun Guo12Xiujun Guo13Xiujun Guo14Key Laboratory of Shandong Province for Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, ChinaKey Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, ChinaKey Laboratory of Shandong Province for Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, ChinaKey Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, ChinaWeifang Key Laboratory of Coastal Groundwater and Geological Environmental Protection and Restoration, Weifang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, ChinaWeifang Key Laboratory of Coastal Groundwater and Geological Environmental Protection and Restoration, Weifang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, ChinaWeifang Key Laboratory of Coastal Groundwater and Geological Environmental Protection and Restoration, Weifang, ChinaShandong Province No.4 Institute of Geological and Mineral Survey, Weifang, ChinaWeifang Key Laboratory of Coastal Groundwater and Geological Environmental Protection and Restoration, Weifang, ChinaShandong Province No.4 Institute of Geological and Mineral Survey, Weifang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Shandong Province for Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, ChinaKey Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, ChinaWeifang Key Laboratory of Coastal Groundwater and Geological Environmental Protection and Restoration, Weifang, ChinaSeawater salt is constantly supplied from the marine environment to coastal underground brine deposits, meaning that brine has the potential for continuous extraction. There is currently a lack of information about the processes that drive the fluxes of seawater salt to underground brine deposits in tidal-driven brine mining areas. We chose the Yangkou salt field on the southern coast of Laizhou Bay, a brine mining area, as our study site. We monitored the spatial and temporal distribution of the underground brine reserve and the changes in water level and salinity in the mining area and adjacent tidal flats using electrical resistivity tomography and hydrogeological measurements. We monitored cross-sections along two survey lines and observed that the underground brine reserve receives a stable supply of seawater salt, and calculated that the rate of influx into the brine body in the mining area near the boundary of the precipitation funnel was 0.226−0.232 t/h. We calculated that a total salt flux of approximately 5.50 t enters the underground brine body every day through a 150 m long shoreline and a 1322.3 m2 window, which is sufficient to sustain the daily extraction of one brine well. During tidal cycles, there are two peaks in the salinity of the water supplied to the underground brine reserve, which means that the brine supply is from at least two high-salinity salt sources in different tidal stages. The first salinity peak occurs during the initial stage of the rising tide after seawater inundates the tidal flat. At this time, seawater, which is a solution and carries a large amount of evaporated salt, is transported into the brine layer through highly permeable areas or biological channels and replenishes the brine in the mining area. The second salinity peak occurs during the early stage of the falling tide. Influenced by hysteresis-driven tidal pumping, high-salinity brine from the lower intertidal zone is rapidly transported into the mining area, thereby increasing the salinity of the underground brine.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1324163/fullcoastal underground brinetidal effectmarine salt sourcewater and salt recharge processelectrical resistivity tomography (ERT) |
| spellingShingle | Xiaoteng Xiao Xiaoteng Xiao Yufeng Zhang Yufeng Zhang Yufeng Zhang Tengfei Fu Zengbing Sun Zengbing Sun Bingxiao Lei Bingxiao Lei Mingbo Li Mingbo Li Xiujun Guo Xiujun Guo Xiujun Guo The two salinity peaks mode of marine salt supply to coastal underground brine during a single tidal cycle Frontiers in Marine Science coastal underground brine tidal effect marine salt source water and salt recharge process electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) |
| title | The two salinity peaks mode of marine salt supply to coastal underground brine during a single tidal cycle |
| title_full | The two salinity peaks mode of marine salt supply to coastal underground brine during a single tidal cycle |
| title_fullStr | The two salinity peaks mode of marine salt supply to coastal underground brine during a single tidal cycle |
| title_full_unstemmed | The two salinity peaks mode of marine salt supply to coastal underground brine during a single tidal cycle |
| title_short | The two salinity peaks mode of marine salt supply to coastal underground brine during a single tidal cycle |
| title_sort | two salinity peaks mode of marine salt supply to coastal underground brine during a single tidal cycle |
| topic | coastal underground brine tidal effect marine salt source water and salt recharge process electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1324163/full |
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