Pretreatment Serum Levels of IL-1 Receptor Antagonist and IL-4 Are Predictors of Overall Survival in Multiple Myeloma Patients Treated with Bortezomib

Pretreatment Serum Levels of IL-1 Receptor Antagonist and IL-4 Are Predictors of Overall Survival in Multiple Myeloma Patients Treated with Bortezomib

Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the malignant proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow with an elevation in monoclonal paraprotein, renal impairment, hypercalcemia, lytic bony lesions, and anemia. Immune cells and associated cytokines play a significant role in MM growth...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Damian Mikulski, Paweł Robak, Ewelina Perdas, Edyta Węgłowska, Aleksandra Łosiewicz, Izabela Dróżdż, Dariusz Jarych, Małgorzata Misiewicz, Janusz Szemraj, Wojciech Fendler, Tadeusz Robak
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-12-01
Series:Journal of Clinical Medicine
Subjects:
bortezomib
IL-13
IL-1Ra
IL-4
multiple myeloma
OS
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/1/112

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