T and B Cell Immune Responses to Influenza Viruses in Pigs
Influenza viruses are an ongoing threat to humans and are endemic in pigs, causing considerable economic losses to farmers. Pigs are also a source of new viruses potentially capable of initiating human pandemics. Many tools including monoclonal antibodies, recombinant cytokines and chemokines, gene...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2019.00098/full |
| _version_ | 1818193151675858944 |
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| author | Barbara Holzer Veronica Martini Matthew Edmans Elma Tchilian |
| author_facet | Barbara Holzer Veronica Martini Matthew Edmans Elma Tchilian |
| author_sort | Barbara Holzer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Influenza viruses are an ongoing threat to humans and are endemic in pigs, causing considerable economic losses to farmers. Pigs are also a source of new viruses potentially capable of initiating human pandemics. Many tools including monoclonal antibodies, recombinant cytokines and chemokines, gene probes, tetramers, and inbred pigs allow refined analysis of immune responses against influenza. Recent advances in understanding of the pig innate system indicate that it shares many features with that of humans, although there is a larger gamma delta component. The fine specificity and mechanisms of cross-protective T cell immunity have yet to be fully defined, although it is clear that the local immune response is important. The repertoire of pig antibody response to influenza has not been thoroughly explored. Here we review current understanding of adaptive immune responses against influenza in pigs and the use of the pig as a model to study human disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T00:41:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0169451e22e7499bbc2303383b3bc359 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T00:41:51Z |
| publishDate | 2019-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-0169451e22e7499bbc2303383b3bc3592022-12-22T00:44:14ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242019-02-011010.3389/fimmu.2019.00098433399T and B Cell Immune Responses to Influenza Viruses in PigsBarbara HolzerVeronica MartiniMatthew EdmansElma TchilianInfluenza viruses are an ongoing threat to humans and are endemic in pigs, causing considerable economic losses to farmers. Pigs are also a source of new viruses potentially capable of initiating human pandemics. Many tools including monoclonal antibodies, recombinant cytokines and chemokines, gene probes, tetramers, and inbred pigs allow refined analysis of immune responses against influenza. Recent advances in understanding of the pig innate system indicate that it shares many features with that of humans, although there is a larger gamma delta component. The fine specificity and mechanisms of cross-protective T cell immunity have yet to be fully defined, although it is clear that the local immune response is important. The repertoire of pig antibody response to influenza has not been thoroughly explored. Here we review current understanding of adaptive immune responses against influenza in pigs and the use of the pig as a model to study human disease.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2019.00098/fullswine influenza virus (SIV)T cell responsesmucosal immunitypeptide SLA-Tetramerlocal T cell immunityLAIV (live attenuated influenza vaccine) |
| spellingShingle | Barbara Holzer Veronica Martini Matthew Edmans Elma Tchilian T and B Cell Immune Responses to Influenza Viruses in Pigs Frontiers in Immunology swine influenza virus (SIV) T cell responses mucosal immunity peptide SLA-Tetramer local T cell immunity LAIV (live attenuated influenza vaccine) |
| title | T and B Cell Immune Responses to Influenza Viruses in Pigs |
| title_full | T and B Cell Immune Responses to Influenza Viruses in Pigs |
| title_fullStr | T and B Cell Immune Responses to Influenza Viruses in Pigs |
| title_full_unstemmed | T and B Cell Immune Responses to Influenza Viruses in Pigs |
| title_short | T and B Cell Immune Responses to Influenza Viruses in Pigs |
| title_sort | t and b cell immune responses to influenza viruses in pigs |
| topic | swine influenza virus (SIV) T cell responses mucosal immunity peptide SLA-Tetramer local T cell immunity LAIV (live attenuated influenza vaccine) |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2019.00098/full |
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