Microbial Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases: From Alpha to Omega
Bile acids (BAs) and glucocorticoids are steroid hormones derived from cholesterol that are important signaling molecules in humans and other vertebrates. Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDHs) are encoded both by the host and by their resident gut microbiota, and they reversibly convert steroid hydr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/3/469 |
| _version_ | 1797395341622902784 |
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| author | Heidi L. Doden Jason M. Ridlon |
| author_facet | Heidi L. Doden Jason M. Ridlon |
| author_sort | Heidi L. Doden |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bile acids (BAs) and glucocorticoids are steroid hormones derived from cholesterol that are important signaling molecules in humans and other vertebrates. Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDHs) are encoded both by the host and by their resident gut microbiota, and they reversibly convert steroid hydroxyl groups to keto groups. Pairs of HSDHs can reversibly epimerize steroids from α-hydroxy conformations to β-hydroxy, or β-hydroxy to ω-hydroxy in the case of ω-muricholic acid. These reactions often result in products with drastically different physicochemical properties than their precursors, which can result in steroids being activators or inhibitors of host receptors, can affect solubility in fecal water, and can modulate toxicity. Microbial HSDHs modulate sterols associated with diseases such as colorectal cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Although the role of microbial HSDHs is not yet fully elucidated, they may have therapeutic potential as steroid pool modulators or druggable targets in the future. In this review, we explore metabolism of BAs and glucocorticoids with a focus on biotransformation by microbial HSDHs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:34:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0172748271324cdea5be0773ebfe63db |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:34:09Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-0172748271324cdea5be0773ebfe63db2023-12-11T18:18:12ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072021-02-019346910.3390/microorganisms9030469Microbial Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases: From Alpha to OmegaHeidi L. Doden0Jason M. Ridlon1Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL 61801, USAMicrobiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL 61801, USABile acids (BAs) and glucocorticoids are steroid hormones derived from cholesterol that are important signaling molecules in humans and other vertebrates. Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDHs) are encoded both by the host and by their resident gut microbiota, and they reversibly convert steroid hydroxyl groups to keto groups. Pairs of HSDHs can reversibly epimerize steroids from α-hydroxy conformations to β-hydroxy, or β-hydroxy to ω-hydroxy in the case of ω-muricholic acid. These reactions often result in products with drastically different physicochemical properties than their precursors, which can result in steroids being activators or inhibitors of host receptors, can affect solubility in fecal water, and can modulate toxicity. Microbial HSDHs modulate sterols associated with diseases such as colorectal cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Although the role of microbial HSDHs is not yet fully elucidated, they may have therapeutic potential as steroid pool modulators or druggable targets in the future. In this review, we explore metabolism of BAs and glucocorticoids with a focus on biotransformation by microbial HSDHs.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/3/469hydroxysteroid dehydrogenasesterolbiomecholesterolbile acidcortisolandrogen |
| spellingShingle | Heidi L. Doden Jason M. Ridlon Microbial Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases: From Alpha to Omega Microorganisms hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase sterolbiome cholesterol bile acid cortisol androgen |
| title | Microbial Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases: From Alpha to Omega |
| title_full | Microbial Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases: From Alpha to Omega |
| title_fullStr | Microbial Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases: From Alpha to Omega |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microbial Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases: From Alpha to Omega |
| title_short | Microbial Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases: From Alpha to Omega |
| title_sort | microbial hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases from alpha to omega |
| topic | hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase sterolbiome cholesterol bile acid cortisol androgen |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/3/469 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT heidildoden microbialhydroxysteroiddehydrogenasesfromalphatoomega AT jasonmridlon microbialhydroxysteroiddehydrogenasesfromalphatoomega |