Pristine TiO<sub>2</sub> and Sr-Doped TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanostructures for Enhanced Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Water Splitting Applications

Pristine TiO<sub>2</sub> and Sr-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> (1%, 2.5% and 5%) nanoparticles were synthesized at low temperatures via an eco-friendly hydrothermal route for water-splitting applications. XRD, EDAX and Raman analysis were performed to analyze the crystallinity, purity...

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Main Authors: Mohd Fazil, Tokeer Ahmad
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-01-01
Series:Catalysts
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/13/1/93
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author Mohd Fazil
Tokeer Ahmad
author_facet Mohd Fazil
Tokeer Ahmad
author_sort Mohd Fazil
collection DOAJ
description Pristine TiO<sub>2</sub> and Sr-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> (1%, 2.5% and 5%) nanoparticles were synthesized at low temperatures via an eco-friendly hydrothermal route for water-splitting applications. XRD, EDAX and Raman analysis were performed to analyze the crystallinity, purity and structure of the as-synthesized materials. TEM, SEM, BET and UV-DRS studies were carried out to elucidate the size, morphology, surface area and optoelectronic properties of the nanoparticles. High surface areas of 169, 182, 178 and 141.16 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> for pristine TiO<sub>2</sub> (12 ± 0.6 nm) and 1% (11.1 ± 0.6 nm), 2.5% (12.1 ± 0.6 nm) and 5% (13 ± 0.7 nm) Sr-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles were obtained, respectively. One-percent Sr-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles were found to be active photocatalysts, as they showed higher hydrogen production (26.30 mmol<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mi>g</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>). Furthermore, electrocatalysis was investigated for HER and OER in 0.5 N H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and 0.1 N KOH electrolytic solutions using calomel as a reference electrode, revealing that 1% and 5% Sr-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> showed maximum current density for both HER (≈10 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>) and OER (≈2.49 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>), with an onset potential of 0.96 V for HER and 1.55 V for OER, and Tafel slopes of 84.09 and 91.60 mV/dec, respectively.
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spelling doaj.art-0180a8a0326e4da98e2b5e7dba3d17462023-11-30T21:37:08ZengMDPI AGCatalysts2073-43442023-01-011319310.3390/catal13010093Pristine TiO<sub>2</sub> and Sr-Doped TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanostructures for Enhanced Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Water Splitting ApplicationsMohd Fazil0Tokeer Ahmad1Nanochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, IndiaNanochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, IndiaPristine TiO<sub>2</sub> and Sr-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> (1%, 2.5% and 5%) nanoparticles were synthesized at low temperatures via an eco-friendly hydrothermal route for water-splitting applications. XRD, EDAX and Raman analysis were performed to analyze the crystallinity, purity and structure of the as-synthesized materials. TEM, SEM, BET and UV-DRS studies were carried out to elucidate the size, morphology, surface area and optoelectronic properties of the nanoparticles. High surface areas of 169, 182, 178 and 141.16 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> for pristine TiO<sub>2</sub> (12 ± 0.6 nm) and 1% (11.1 ± 0.6 nm), 2.5% (12.1 ± 0.6 nm) and 5% (13 ± 0.7 nm) Sr-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles were obtained, respectively. One-percent Sr-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles were found to be active photocatalysts, as they showed higher hydrogen production (26.30 mmol<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mi>g</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msubsup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>). Furthermore, electrocatalysis was investigated for HER and OER in 0.5 N H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and 0.1 N KOH electrolytic solutions using calomel as a reference electrode, revealing that 1% and 5% Sr-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> showed maximum current density for both HER (≈10 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>) and OER (≈2.49 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>), with an onset potential of 0.96 V for HER and 1.55 V for OER, and Tafel slopes of 84.09 and 91.60 mV/dec, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/13/1/93Sr-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticleshydrothermal synthesisphotocatalysiselectrocatalysiswater splittinghydrogen energy
spellingShingle Mohd Fazil
Tokeer Ahmad
Pristine TiO<sub>2</sub> and Sr-Doped TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanostructures for Enhanced Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Water Splitting Applications
Catalysts
Sr-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles
hydrothermal synthesis
photocatalysis
electrocatalysis
water splitting
hydrogen energy
title Pristine TiO<sub>2</sub> and Sr-Doped TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanostructures for Enhanced Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Water Splitting Applications
title_full Pristine TiO<sub>2</sub> and Sr-Doped TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanostructures for Enhanced Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Water Splitting Applications
title_fullStr Pristine TiO<sub>2</sub> and Sr-Doped TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanostructures for Enhanced Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Water Splitting Applications
title_full_unstemmed Pristine TiO<sub>2</sub> and Sr-Doped TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanostructures for Enhanced Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Water Splitting Applications
title_short Pristine TiO<sub>2</sub> and Sr-Doped TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanostructures for Enhanced Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Water Splitting Applications
title_sort pristine tio sub 2 sub and sr doped tio sub 2 sub nanostructures for enhanced photocatalytic and electrocatalytic water splitting applications
topic Sr-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles
hydrothermal synthesis
photocatalysis
electrocatalysis
water splitting
hydrogen energy
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/13/1/93
work_keys_str_mv AT mohdfazil pristinetiosub2subandsrdopedtiosub2subnanostructuresforenhancedphotocatalyticandelectrocatalyticwatersplittingapplications
AT tokeerahmad pristinetiosub2subandsrdopedtiosub2subnanostructuresforenhancedphotocatalyticandelectrocatalyticwatersplittingapplications