Crushing of Single-Walled Corrugated Board during Converting: Experimental and Numerical Study
Corrugated cardboard is an ecological material, mainly because, in addition to virgin cellulose fibers also the fibers recovered during recycling process are used in its production. However, the use of recycled fibers causes slight deterioration of the mechanical properties of the corrugated board....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/11/3203 |
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| author | Tomasz Garbowski Tomasz Gajewski Damian Mrówczyński Radosław Jędrzejczak |
| author_facet | Tomasz Garbowski Tomasz Gajewski Damian Mrówczyński Radosław Jędrzejczak |
| author_sort | Tomasz Garbowski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Corrugated cardboard is an ecological material, mainly because, in addition to virgin cellulose fibers also the fibers recovered during recycling process are used in its production. However, the use of recycled fibers causes slight deterioration of the mechanical properties of the corrugated board. In addition, converting processes such as printing, die-cutting, lamination, etc. cause micro-damage in the corrugated cardboard layers. In this work, the focus is precisely on the crushing of corrugated cardboard. A series of laboratory experiments were conducted, in which the different types of single-walled corrugated cardboards were pressed in a fully controlled manner to check the impact of the crush on the basic material parameters. The amount of crushing (with a precision of 10 micrometers) was controlled by a precise FEMat device, for crushing the corrugated board in the range from 10 to 70% of its original thickness. In this study, the influence of crushing on bending, twisting and shear stiffness as well as a residual thickness and edge crush resistance of corrugated board was investigated. Then, a procedure based on a numerical homogenization, taking into account a partial delamination in the corrugated layers to determine the degraded material stiffness was proposed. Finally, using the empirical-numerical method, a simplified calculation model of corrugated cardboard was derived, which satisfactorily reflects the experimental results. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:52:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-01820347561f4d638874903f85673749 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:52:17Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-01820347561f4d638874903f856737492023-11-21T22:07:18ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732021-05-011411320310.3390/en14113203Crushing of Single-Walled Corrugated Board during Converting: Experimental and Numerical StudyTomasz Garbowski0Tomasz Gajewski1Damian Mrówczyński2Radosław Jędrzejczak3Department of Biosystems Engineering, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 50, 60-627 Poznań, PolandInstitute of Structural Analysis, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 5, 60-965 Poznań, PolandR&D Department, FEMat Sp. z o.o., Romana Maya 1, 61-371 Poznań, PolandWerner Kenkel Sp. z o.o., Mórkowska 3, 64-117 Krzycko Wielkie, PolandCorrugated cardboard is an ecological material, mainly because, in addition to virgin cellulose fibers also the fibers recovered during recycling process are used in its production. However, the use of recycled fibers causes slight deterioration of the mechanical properties of the corrugated board. In addition, converting processes such as printing, die-cutting, lamination, etc. cause micro-damage in the corrugated cardboard layers. In this work, the focus is precisely on the crushing of corrugated cardboard. A series of laboratory experiments were conducted, in which the different types of single-walled corrugated cardboards were pressed in a fully controlled manner to check the impact of the crush on the basic material parameters. The amount of crushing (with a precision of 10 micrometers) was controlled by a precise FEMat device, for crushing the corrugated board in the range from 10 to 70% of its original thickness. In this study, the influence of crushing on bending, twisting and shear stiffness as well as a residual thickness and edge crush resistance of corrugated board was investigated. Then, a procedure based on a numerical homogenization, taking into account a partial delamination in the corrugated layers to determine the degraded material stiffness was proposed. Finally, using the empirical-numerical method, a simplified calculation model of corrugated cardboard was derived, which satisfactorily reflects the experimental results.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/11/3203corrugated cardboardconvertingnumerical homogenizationstrain energy equivalencefinite element methodshell structures |
| spellingShingle | Tomasz Garbowski Tomasz Gajewski Damian Mrówczyński Radosław Jędrzejczak Crushing of Single-Walled Corrugated Board during Converting: Experimental and Numerical Study Energies corrugated cardboard converting numerical homogenization strain energy equivalence finite element method shell structures |
| title | Crushing of Single-Walled Corrugated Board during Converting: Experimental and Numerical Study |
| title_full | Crushing of Single-Walled Corrugated Board during Converting: Experimental and Numerical Study |
| title_fullStr | Crushing of Single-Walled Corrugated Board during Converting: Experimental and Numerical Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Crushing of Single-Walled Corrugated Board during Converting: Experimental and Numerical Study |
| title_short | Crushing of Single-Walled Corrugated Board during Converting: Experimental and Numerical Study |
| title_sort | crushing of single walled corrugated board during converting experimental and numerical study |
| topic | corrugated cardboard converting numerical homogenization strain energy equivalence finite element method shell structures |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/11/3203 |
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