3D-printed zeolite 13X-Strontium chloride units as ammonia carriers
The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system in automobiles using urea solution as a source of NH3 suffers from solid deposit problems in pipelines and poor efficiency during engine startup. Although direct use of high pressure NH3 is restricted due to safety concerns, which can be overcome by usi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023065842 |
| _version_ | 1797669877187608576 |
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| author | Nasir Shezad Marco D'Agostini Ali Ezzine Giorgia Franchin Paolo Colombo Farid Akhtar |
| author_facet | Nasir Shezad Marco D'Agostini Ali Ezzine Giorgia Franchin Paolo Colombo Farid Akhtar |
| author_sort | Nasir Shezad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system in automobiles using urea solution as a source of NH3 suffers from solid deposit problems in pipelines and poor efficiency during engine startup. Although direct use of high pressure NH3 is restricted due to safety concerns, which can be overcome by using solid sorbents as NH3 carrier. Strontium chloride (SrCl2) is considered the best sorbent due to its high sorption capacity; however, challenges are associated with the processing of stable engineering structures due to extraordinary volume expansion during the NH3 sorption. This study reports the fabrication of a novel structure consisting of a zeolite cage enclosing the SrCl2 pellet (SPZC) through extrusion-based 3D printing (Direct Ink Writing). The printed SPZC structure demonstrated steady sorption of NH3 for 10 consecutive cycles without significant uptake capacity and structural integrity loss. Furthermore, the structure exhibited improved sorption and desorption kinetics than pure SrCl2. The synergistic effect of zeolite as physisorbent and SrCl2 as chemisorbent in the novel composite structure enabled the low-pressure (<0.4 bar) and high-pressure (>0.4 bar) NH3 sorption, compared to pure SrCl2, which absorbed NH3 at pressures above 0.4 bar. Regeneration of SPZC composite sorbent under evacuation showed that 87.5% percent of NH3 was desorbed at 20 °C. Thus, the results demonstrate that the rationally designed novel SPZC structure offers safe and efficient storage of NH3 in the SCR system and other applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T20:51:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-01853a4a2a4448ff928c8f44d43c5a38 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T20:51:10Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-01853a4a2a4448ff928c8f44d43c5a382023-10-01T05:59:23ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402023-09-0199e193763D-printed zeolite 13X-Strontium chloride units as ammonia carriersNasir Shezad0Marco D'Agostini1Ali Ezzine2Giorgia Franchin3Paolo Colombo4Farid Akhtar5Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, SE-971 87, SwedenDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 9, Padova, 35131, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 9, Padova, 35131, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 9, Padova, 35131, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 9, Padova, 35131, ItalyDivision of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, SE-971 87, Sweden; Corresponding author.The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system in automobiles using urea solution as a source of NH3 suffers from solid deposit problems in pipelines and poor efficiency during engine startup. Although direct use of high pressure NH3 is restricted due to safety concerns, which can be overcome by using solid sorbents as NH3 carrier. Strontium chloride (SrCl2) is considered the best sorbent due to its high sorption capacity; however, challenges are associated with the processing of stable engineering structures due to extraordinary volume expansion during the NH3 sorption. This study reports the fabrication of a novel structure consisting of a zeolite cage enclosing the SrCl2 pellet (SPZC) through extrusion-based 3D printing (Direct Ink Writing). The printed SPZC structure demonstrated steady sorption of NH3 for 10 consecutive cycles without significant uptake capacity and structural integrity loss. Furthermore, the structure exhibited improved sorption and desorption kinetics than pure SrCl2. The synergistic effect of zeolite as physisorbent and SrCl2 as chemisorbent in the novel composite structure enabled the low-pressure (<0.4 bar) and high-pressure (>0.4 bar) NH3 sorption, compared to pure SrCl2, which absorbed NH3 at pressures above 0.4 bar. Regeneration of SPZC composite sorbent under evacuation showed that 87.5% percent of NH3 was desorbed at 20 °C. Thus, the results demonstrate that the rationally designed novel SPZC structure offers safe and efficient storage of NH3 in the SCR system and other applications.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S24058440230658423D printed structureAmmoniaZeoliteAlkaline earth metal halidesPhysicochemical sorptionKinetics |
| spellingShingle | Nasir Shezad Marco D'Agostini Ali Ezzine Giorgia Franchin Paolo Colombo Farid Akhtar 3D-printed zeolite 13X-Strontium chloride units as ammonia carriers Heliyon 3D printed structure Ammonia Zeolite Alkaline earth metal halides Physicochemical sorption Kinetics |
| title | 3D-printed zeolite 13X-Strontium chloride units as ammonia carriers |
| title_full | 3D-printed zeolite 13X-Strontium chloride units as ammonia carriers |
| title_fullStr | 3D-printed zeolite 13X-Strontium chloride units as ammonia carriers |
| title_full_unstemmed | 3D-printed zeolite 13X-Strontium chloride units as ammonia carriers |
| title_short | 3D-printed zeolite 13X-Strontium chloride units as ammonia carriers |
| title_sort | 3d printed zeolite 13x strontium chloride units as ammonia carriers |
| topic | 3D printed structure Ammonia Zeolite Alkaline earth metal halides Physicochemical sorption Kinetics |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023065842 |
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