Pro-Inflammatory and Cytotoxic Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics on Human and Murine Intestinal Cell Lines

Plastic is a polymer extremely resistant to degradation that can remain for up to hundreds or thousands of years, leading to the accumulation of massive amounts of plastic waste throughout the planet’s ecosystems. Due to exposure to various environmental factors, plastic breaks down into smaller par...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Virginia Mattioda, Valerio Benedetti, Carlotta Tessarolo, Francesca Oberto, Alessandra Favole, Marina Gallo, Walter Martelli, Maria Ines Crescio, Enrica Berio, Loretta Masoero, Alessandro Benedetto, Marzia Pezzolato, Elena Bozzetta, Carla Grattarola, Cristina Casalone, Cristiano Corona, Federica Giorda
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-01-01
Series:Biomolecules
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/13/1/140
_version_ 1797445442895609856
author Virginia Mattioda
Valerio Benedetti
Carlotta Tessarolo
Francesca Oberto
Alessandra Favole
Marina Gallo
Walter Martelli
Maria Ines Crescio
Enrica Berio
Loretta Masoero
Alessandro Benedetto
Marzia Pezzolato
Elena Bozzetta
Carla Grattarola
Cristina Casalone
Cristiano Corona
Federica Giorda
author_facet Virginia Mattioda
Valerio Benedetti
Carlotta Tessarolo
Francesca Oberto
Alessandra Favole
Marina Gallo
Walter Martelli
Maria Ines Crescio
Enrica Berio
Loretta Masoero
Alessandro Benedetto
Marzia Pezzolato
Elena Bozzetta
Carla Grattarola
Cristina Casalone
Cristiano Corona
Federica Giorda
author_sort Virginia Mattioda
collection DOAJ
description Plastic is a polymer extremely resistant to degradation that can remain for up to hundreds or thousands of years, leading to the accumulation of massive amounts of plastic waste throughout the planet’s ecosystems. Due to exposure to various environmental factors, plastic breaks down into smaller particles named microplastics (1–5000 μm) and nanoplastics (<1 μm). Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous pollutants but, still, little is known about their effects on human and animal health. Herein, our aim is to investigate cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation and correlated gene modulation following exposure to polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) in HRT-18 and CMT-93 epithelial cell lines. After 6, 24 and 48 h PS-MPs treatment, cell viability (MTT) and oxidative stress (SOD) assays were performed; subsequently, expression changes and cytokines release were investigated by Real-Time PCR and Magnetic-beads panel Multiplex Assay, respectively. For each exposure time, a significantly increased cytotoxicity was observed in both cell lines, whereas SOD activity increased only in CMT-93 cells. Furthermore, Magnetic-beads Multiplex Assay revealed an increased release of IL-8 in HRT-18 cells’ medium, also confirmed by gene expression analysis. Results obtained suggest the presence of a pro-inflammatory pattern induced by PS-MPs treatment that could be related to the observed increase in cytotoxicity.
first_indexed 2024-03-09T13:25:53Z
format Article
id doaj.art-0187cdfc2ca4410da7204e1c2417cd9d
institution Directory Open Access Journal
issn 2218-273X
language English
last_indexed 2024-03-09T13:25:53Z
publishDate 2023-01-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Biomolecules
spelling doaj.art-0187cdfc2ca4410da7204e1c2417cd9d2023-11-30T21:23:20ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2023-01-0113114010.3390/biom13010140Pro-Inflammatory and Cytotoxic Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics on Human and Murine Intestinal Cell LinesVirginia Mattioda0Valerio Benedetti1Carlotta Tessarolo2Francesca Oberto3Alessandra Favole4Marina Gallo5Walter Martelli6Maria Ines Crescio7Enrica Berio8Loretta Masoero9Alessandro Benedetto10Marzia Pezzolato11Elena Bozzetta12Carla Grattarola13Cristina Casalone14Cristiano Corona15Federica Giorda16Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyASL 1 Imperiese Via Aurelia Ponente 97, 18038 Sanremo, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyPlastic is a polymer extremely resistant to degradation that can remain for up to hundreds or thousands of years, leading to the accumulation of massive amounts of plastic waste throughout the planet’s ecosystems. Due to exposure to various environmental factors, plastic breaks down into smaller particles named microplastics (1–5000 μm) and nanoplastics (<1 μm). Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous pollutants but, still, little is known about their effects on human and animal health. Herein, our aim is to investigate cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation and correlated gene modulation following exposure to polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) in HRT-18 and CMT-93 epithelial cell lines. After 6, 24 and 48 h PS-MPs treatment, cell viability (MTT) and oxidative stress (SOD) assays were performed; subsequently, expression changes and cytokines release were investigated by Real-Time PCR and Magnetic-beads panel Multiplex Assay, respectively. For each exposure time, a significantly increased cytotoxicity was observed in both cell lines, whereas SOD activity increased only in CMT-93 cells. Furthermore, Magnetic-beads Multiplex Assay revealed an increased release of IL-8 in HRT-18 cells’ medium, also confirmed by gene expression analysis. Results obtained suggest the presence of a pro-inflammatory pattern induced by PS-MPs treatment that could be related to the observed increase in cytotoxicity.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/13/1/140microplasticspolystyrenepolystyrene PS-MPsHRT-18CMT-93gene expression
spellingShingle Virginia Mattioda
Valerio Benedetti
Carlotta Tessarolo
Francesca Oberto
Alessandra Favole
Marina Gallo
Walter Martelli
Maria Ines Crescio
Enrica Berio
Loretta Masoero
Alessandro Benedetto
Marzia Pezzolato
Elena Bozzetta
Carla Grattarola
Cristina Casalone
Cristiano Corona
Federica Giorda
Pro-Inflammatory and Cytotoxic Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics on Human and Murine Intestinal Cell Lines
Biomolecules
microplastics
polystyrene
polystyrene PS-MPs
HRT-18
CMT-93
gene expression
title Pro-Inflammatory and Cytotoxic Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics on Human and Murine Intestinal Cell Lines
title_full Pro-Inflammatory and Cytotoxic Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics on Human and Murine Intestinal Cell Lines
title_fullStr Pro-Inflammatory and Cytotoxic Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics on Human and Murine Intestinal Cell Lines
title_full_unstemmed Pro-Inflammatory and Cytotoxic Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics on Human and Murine Intestinal Cell Lines
title_short Pro-Inflammatory and Cytotoxic Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics on Human and Murine Intestinal Cell Lines
title_sort pro inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of polystyrene microplastics on human and murine intestinal cell lines
topic microplastics
polystyrene
polystyrene PS-MPs
HRT-18
CMT-93
gene expression
url https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/13/1/140
work_keys_str_mv AT virginiamattioda proinflammatoryandcytotoxiceffectsofpolystyrenemicroplasticsonhumanandmurineintestinalcelllines
AT valeriobenedetti proinflammatoryandcytotoxiceffectsofpolystyrenemicroplasticsonhumanandmurineintestinalcelllines
AT carlottatessarolo proinflammatoryandcytotoxiceffectsofpolystyrenemicroplasticsonhumanandmurineintestinalcelllines
AT francescaoberto proinflammatoryandcytotoxiceffectsofpolystyrenemicroplasticsonhumanandmurineintestinalcelllines
AT alessandrafavole proinflammatoryandcytotoxiceffectsofpolystyrenemicroplasticsonhumanandmurineintestinalcelllines
AT marinagallo proinflammatoryandcytotoxiceffectsofpolystyrenemicroplasticsonhumanandmurineintestinalcelllines
AT waltermartelli proinflammatoryandcytotoxiceffectsofpolystyrenemicroplasticsonhumanandmurineintestinalcelllines
AT mariainescrescio proinflammatoryandcytotoxiceffectsofpolystyrenemicroplasticsonhumanandmurineintestinalcelllines
AT enricaberio proinflammatoryandcytotoxiceffectsofpolystyrenemicroplasticsonhumanandmurineintestinalcelllines
AT lorettamasoero proinflammatoryandcytotoxiceffectsofpolystyrenemicroplasticsonhumanandmurineintestinalcelllines
AT alessandrobenedetto proinflammatoryandcytotoxiceffectsofpolystyrenemicroplasticsonhumanandmurineintestinalcelllines
AT marziapezzolato proinflammatoryandcytotoxiceffectsofpolystyrenemicroplasticsonhumanandmurineintestinalcelllines
AT elenabozzetta proinflammatoryandcytotoxiceffectsofpolystyrenemicroplasticsonhumanandmurineintestinalcelllines
AT carlagrattarola proinflammatoryandcytotoxiceffectsofpolystyrenemicroplasticsonhumanandmurineintestinalcelllines
AT cristinacasalone proinflammatoryandcytotoxiceffectsofpolystyrenemicroplasticsonhumanandmurineintestinalcelllines
AT cristianocorona proinflammatoryandcytotoxiceffectsofpolystyrenemicroplasticsonhumanandmurineintestinalcelllines
AT federicagiorda proinflammatoryandcytotoxiceffectsofpolystyrenemicroplasticsonhumanandmurineintestinalcelllines