Pro-Inflammatory and Cytotoxic Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics on Human and Murine Intestinal Cell Lines
Plastic is a polymer extremely resistant to degradation that can remain for up to hundreds or thousands of years, leading to the accumulation of massive amounts of plastic waste throughout the planet’s ecosystems. Due to exposure to various environmental factors, plastic breaks down into smaller par...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/13/1/140 |
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author | Virginia Mattioda Valerio Benedetti Carlotta Tessarolo Francesca Oberto Alessandra Favole Marina Gallo Walter Martelli Maria Ines Crescio Enrica Berio Loretta Masoero Alessandro Benedetto Marzia Pezzolato Elena Bozzetta Carla Grattarola Cristina Casalone Cristiano Corona Federica Giorda |
author_facet | Virginia Mattioda Valerio Benedetti Carlotta Tessarolo Francesca Oberto Alessandra Favole Marina Gallo Walter Martelli Maria Ines Crescio Enrica Berio Loretta Masoero Alessandro Benedetto Marzia Pezzolato Elena Bozzetta Carla Grattarola Cristina Casalone Cristiano Corona Federica Giorda |
author_sort | Virginia Mattioda |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Plastic is a polymer extremely resistant to degradation that can remain for up to hundreds or thousands of years, leading to the accumulation of massive amounts of plastic waste throughout the planet’s ecosystems. Due to exposure to various environmental factors, plastic breaks down into smaller particles named microplastics (1–5000 μm) and nanoplastics (<1 μm). Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous pollutants but, still, little is known about their effects on human and animal health. Herein, our aim is to investigate cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation and correlated gene modulation following exposure to polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) in HRT-18 and CMT-93 epithelial cell lines. After 6, 24 and 48 h PS-MPs treatment, cell viability (MTT) and oxidative stress (SOD) assays were performed; subsequently, expression changes and cytokines release were investigated by Real-Time PCR and Magnetic-beads panel Multiplex Assay, respectively. For each exposure time, a significantly increased cytotoxicity was observed in both cell lines, whereas SOD activity increased only in CMT-93 cells. Furthermore, Magnetic-beads Multiplex Assay revealed an increased release of IL-8 in HRT-18 cells’ medium, also confirmed by gene expression analysis. Results obtained suggest the presence of a pro-inflammatory pattern induced by PS-MPs treatment that could be related to the observed increase in cytotoxicity. |
first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:25:53Z |
format | Article |
id | doaj.art-0187cdfc2ca4410da7204e1c2417cd9d |
institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
issn | 2218-273X |
language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:25:53Z |
publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
publisher | MDPI AG |
record_format | Article |
series | Biomolecules |
spelling | doaj.art-0187cdfc2ca4410da7204e1c2417cd9d2023-11-30T21:23:20ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2023-01-0113114010.3390/biom13010140Pro-Inflammatory and Cytotoxic Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics on Human and Murine Intestinal Cell LinesVirginia Mattioda0Valerio Benedetti1Carlotta Tessarolo2Francesca Oberto3Alessandra Favole4Marina Gallo5Walter Martelli6Maria Ines Crescio7Enrica Berio8Loretta Masoero9Alessandro Benedetto10Marzia Pezzolato11Elena Bozzetta12Carla Grattarola13Cristina Casalone14Cristiano Corona15Federica Giorda16Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyASL 1 Imperiese Via Aurelia Ponente 97, 18038 Sanremo, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, ItalyPlastic is a polymer extremely resistant to degradation that can remain for up to hundreds or thousands of years, leading to the accumulation of massive amounts of plastic waste throughout the planet’s ecosystems. Due to exposure to various environmental factors, plastic breaks down into smaller particles named microplastics (1–5000 μm) and nanoplastics (<1 μm). Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous pollutants but, still, little is known about their effects on human and animal health. Herein, our aim is to investigate cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation and correlated gene modulation following exposure to polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) in HRT-18 and CMT-93 epithelial cell lines. After 6, 24 and 48 h PS-MPs treatment, cell viability (MTT) and oxidative stress (SOD) assays were performed; subsequently, expression changes and cytokines release were investigated by Real-Time PCR and Magnetic-beads panel Multiplex Assay, respectively. For each exposure time, a significantly increased cytotoxicity was observed in both cell lines, whereas SOD activity increased only in CMT-93 cells. Furthermore, Magnetic-beads Multiplex Assay revealed an increased release of IL-8 in HRT-18 cells’ medium, also confirmed by gene expression analysis. Results obtained suggest the presence of a pro-inflammatory pattern induced by PS-MPs treatment that could be related to the observed increase in cytotoxicity.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/13/1/140microplasticspolystyrenepolystyrene PS-MPsHRT-18CMT-93gene expression |
spellingShingle | Virginia Mattioda Valerio Benedetti Carlotta Tessarolo Francesca Oberto Alessandra Favole Marina Gallo Walter Martelli Maria Ines Crescio Enrica Berio Loretta Masoero Alessandro Benedetto Marzia Pezzolato Elena Bozzetta Carla Grattarola Cristina Casalone Cristiano Corona Federica Giorda Pro-Inflammatory and Cytotoxic Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics on Human and Murine Intestinal Cell Lines Biomolecules microplastics polystyrene polystyrene PS-MPs HRT-18 CMT-93 gene expression |
title | Pro-Inflammatory and Cytotoxic Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics on Human and Murine Intestinal Cell Lines |
title_full | Pro-Inflammatory and Cytotoxic Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics on Human and Murine Intestinal Cell Lines |
title_fullStr | Pro-Inflammatory and Cytotoxic Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics on Human and Murine Intestinal Cell Lines |
title_full_unstemmed | Pro-Inflammatory and Cytotoxic Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics on Human and Murine Intestinal Cell Lines |
title_short | Pro-Inflammatory and Cytotoxic Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics on Human and Murine Intestinal Cell Lines |
title_sort | pro inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of polystyrene microplastics on human and murine intestinal cell lines |
topic | microplastics polystyrene polystyrene PS-MPs HRT-18 CMT-93 gene expression |
url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/13/1/140 |
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