Content and dynamics of nutrients in the surface water of shallow Lake Mulehe in Kisoro District, South–western Uganda
Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the content and dynamics of nutrients in the shallow (max. 6 m) Lake Mulehe. We collected 54 water samples from nine sampling stations between the wet season (March–May 2020 and dry season (June–August 2020). Nutrients; ammonia–nitrogen (NH4–N),...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Applied Water Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-023-01953-y |
| _version_ | 1797784464890265600 |
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| author | Alex Saturday Susan Kangume Wilson Bamwerinde |
| author_facet | Alex Saturday Susan Kangume Wilson Bamwerinde |
| author_sort | Alex Saturday |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the content and dynamics of nutrients in the shallow (max. 6 m) Lake Mulehe. We collected 54 water samples from nine sampling stations between the wet season (March–May 2020 and dry season (June–August 2020). Nutrients; ammonia–nitrogen (NH4–N), nitrate–nitrogen (NO3–N), nitrite–nitrogen (NO2–N), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) were investigated in accordance with APHA 2017 standard procedures. Besides, physical parameters: Temperature, pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity and dissolved oxygen were measured in situ. The water quality index (WQI) was used to determine the water quality of Lake Muhele using drinking water quality standards developed by the Uganda National Bureau of Standards and the World Health Organization. Results indicated that nutrients (TN, NO3–N, TP, NH4-N, NO2–N and SRP) did not differ substantially between study stations (p > 0.05) but did reveal significant differences (p < 0.05) across study months. Besides, nutrient levels differed significantly between seasons (p < 0.05) except for SRP and NH4–N. The WQI values varied from 36.0 to 74.5, with a mean of 58.69. The recorded overall WQI value places Lake Mulehe’s water quality into the ‘poor’ category in terms of worthiness for human consumption. The study, therefore, recommends continuous pollution monitoring and enforcement of local regulations to reduce pollution in the lake as a result of anthropogenic activities. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T00:40:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-018ef6c676144c328d6fb4eb1595718a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2190-5487 2190-5495 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T00:40:16Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Water Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-018ef6c676144c328d6fb4eb1595718a2023-07-09T11:20:49ZengSpringerOpenApplied Water Science2190-54872190-54952023-06-0113711110.1007/s13201-023-01953-yContent and dynamics of nutrients in the surface water of shallow Lake Mulehe in Kisoro District, South–western UgandaAlex Saturday0Susan Kangume1Wilson Bamwerinde2Department of Environmental Sciences, Kabale UniversityDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Kabale UniversityDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Kabale UniversityAbstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the content and dynamics of nutrients in the shallow (max. 6 m) Lake Mulehe. We collected 54 water samples from nine sampling stations between the wet season (March–May 2020 and dry season (June–August 2020). Nutrients; ammonia–nitrogen (NH4–N), nitrate–nitrogen (NO3–N), nitrite–nitrogen (NO2–N), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) were investigated in accordance with APHA 2017 standard procedures. Besides, physical parameters: Temperature, pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity and dissolved oxygen were measured in situ. The water quality index (WQI) was used to determine the water quality of Lake Muhele using drinking water quality standards developed by the Uganda National Bureau of Standards and the World Health Organization. Results indicated that nutrients (TN, NO3–N, TP, NH4-N, NO2–N and SRP) did not differ substantially between study stations (p > 0.05) but did reveal significant differences (p < 0.05) across study months. Besides, nutrient levels differed significantly between seasons (p < 0.05) except for SRP and NH4–N. The WQI values varied from 36.0 to 74.5, with a mean of 58.69. The recorded overall WQI value places Lake Mulehe’s water quality into the ‘poor’ category in terms of worthiness for human consumption. The study, therefore, recommends continuous pollution monitoring and enforcement of local regulations to reduce pollution in the lake as a result of anthropogenic activities.https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-023-01953-yWater qualityNutrient dynamicsWater quality indexLake Mulehe |
| spellingShingle | Alex Saturday Susan Kangume Wilson Bamwerinde Content and dynamics of nutrients in the surface water of shallow Lake Mulehe in Kisoro District, South–western Uganda Applied Water Science Water quality Nutrient dynamics Water quality index Lake Mulehe |
| title | Content and dynamics of nutrients in the surface water of shallow Lake Mulehe in Kisoro District, South–western Uganda |
| title_full | Content and dynamics of nutrients in the surface water of shallow Lake Mulehe in Kisoro District, South–western Uganda |
| title_fullStr | Content and dynamics of nutrients in the surface water of shallow Lake Mulehe in Kisoro District, South–western Uganda |
| title_full_unstemmed | Content and dynamics of nutrients in the surface water of shallow Lake Mulehe in Kisoro District, South–western Uganda |
| title_short | Content and dynamics of nutrients in the surface water of shallow Lake Mulehe in Kisoro District, South–western Uganda |
| title_sort | content and dynamics of nutrients in the surface water of shallow lake mulehe in kisoro district south western uganda |
| topic | Water quality Nutrient dynamics Water quality index Lake Mulehe |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-023-01953-y |
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