A Novel Pyrometallurgical Recycling Process for Lithium-Ion Batteries and Its Application to the Recycling of LCO and LFP
The bottleneck of recycling chains for spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is the recovery of valuable metals from the black matter that remains after dismantling and deactivation in pre‑treatment processes, which has to be treated in a subsequent step with pyrometallurgical and/or hydrometallurgical...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Metals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/1/149 |
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| author | Alexandra Holzer Stefan Windisch-Kern Christoph Ponak Harald Raupenstrauch |
| author_facet | Alexandra Holzer Stefan Windisch-Kern Christoph Ponak Harald Raupenstrauch |
| author_sort | Alexandra Holzer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The bottleneck of recycling chains for spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is the recovery of valuable metals from the black matter that remains after dismantling and deactivation in pre‑treatment processes, which has to be treated in a subsequent step with pyrometallurgical and/or hydrometallurgical methods. In the course of this paper, investigations in a heating microscope were conducted to determine the high-temperature behavior of the cathode materials lithium cobalt oxide (LCO—chem., LiCoO<sub>2</sub>) and lithium iron phosphate (LFP—chem., LiFePO<sub>4</sub>) from LIB with carbon addition. For the purpose of continuous process development of a novel pyrometallurgical recycling process and adaptation of this to the requirements of the LIB material, two different reactor designs were examined. When treating LCO in an Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> crucible, lithium could be removed at a rate of 76% via the gas stream, which is directly and purely available for further processing. In contrast, a removal rate of lithium of up to 97% was achieved in an MgO crucible. In addition, the basic capability of the concept for the treatment of LFP was investigated whereby a phosphorus removal rate of 64% with a simultaneous lithium removal rate of 68% was observed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:50:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-01976ecc23ba4436b3131f1ecec6d94b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:50:30Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-01976ecc23ba4436b3131f1ecec6d94b2023-12-03T13:10:57ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012021-01-0111114910.3390/met11010149A Novel Pyrometallurgical Recycling Process for Lithium-Ion Batteries and Its Application to the Recycling of LCO and LFPAlexandra Holzer0Stefan Windisch-Kern1Christoph Ponak2Harald Raupenstrauch3Chair of Thermal Processing Technology, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Franz-Josef-Strasse 18, 8700 Leoben, AustriaChair of Thermal Processing Technology, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Franz-Josef-Strasse 18, 8700 Leoben, AustriaChair of Thermal Processing Technology, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Franz-Josef-Strasse 18, 8700 Leoben, AustriaChair of Thermal Processing Technology, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Franz-Josef-Strasse 18, 8700 Leoben, AustriaThe bottleneck of recycling chains for spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is the recovery of valuable metals from the black matter that remains after dismantling and deactivation in pre‑treatment processes, which has to be treated in a subsequent step with pyrometallurgical and/or hydrometallurgical methods. In the course of this paper, investigations in a heating microscope were conducted to determine the high-temperature behavior of the cathode materials lithium cobalt oxide (LCO—chem., LiCoO<sub>2</sub>) and lithium iron phosphate (LFP—chem., LiFePO<sub>4</sub>) from LIB with carbon addition. For the purpose of continuous process development of a novel pyrometallurgical recycling process and adaptation of this to the requirements of the LIB material, two different reactor designs were examined. When treating LCO in an Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> crucible, lithium could be removed at a rate of 76% via the gas stream, which is directly and purely available for further processing. In contrast, a removal rate of lithium of up to 97% was achieved in an MgO crucible. In addition, the basic capability of the concept for the treatment of LFP was investigated whereby a phosphorus removal rate of 64% with a simultaneous lithium removal rate of 68% was observed.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/1/149lithium-ion batteries (LIBs)recyclingpyrometallurgycritical raw materialslithium removalphosphorous removal |
| spellingShingle | Alexandra Holzer Stefan Windisch-Kern Christoph Ponak Harald Raupenstrauch A Novel Pyrometallurgical Recycling Process for Lithium-Ion Batteries and Its Application to the Recycling of LCO and LFP Metals lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) recycling pyrometallurgy critical raw materials lithium removal phosphorous removal |
| title | A Novel Pyrometallurgical Recycling Process for Lithium-Ion Batteries and Its Application to the Recycling of LCO and LFP |
| title_full | A Novel Pyrometallurgical Recycling Process for Lithium-Ion Batteries and Its Application to the Recycling of LCO and LFP |
| title_fullStr | A Novel Pyrometallurgical Recycling Process for Lithium-Ion Batteries and Its Application to the Recycling of LCO and LFP |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Novel Pyrometallurgical Recycling Process for Lithium-Ion Batteries and Its Application to the Recycling of LCO and LFP |
| title_short | A Novel Pyrometallurgical Recycling Process for Lithium-Ion Batteries and Its Application to the Recycling of LCO and LFP |
| title_sort | novel pyrometallurgical recycling process for lithium ion batteries and its application to the recycling of lco and lfp |
| topic | lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) recycling pyrometallurgy critical raw materials lithium removal phosphorous removal |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/1/149 |
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