Beneficial Rhizobacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 Induces Plant Salt Tolerance through Spermidine Production
The inoculation of plants with plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium has been an effective strategy for enhancing plant salt tolerance to diminish the loss of agricultural productivity caused by salt stress; however, the signal transmitted from bacteria to the plant under salt stress is poorly under...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The American Phytopathological Society
2017-05-01
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| Series: | Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions |
| Online Access: | https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/MPMI-02-17-0027-R |
| _version_ | 1811277603675308032 |
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| author | Lin Chen Yunpeng Liu Gengwei Wu Nan Zhang Qirong Shen Ruifu Zhang |
| author_facet | Lin Chen Yunpeng Liu Gengwei Wu Nan Zhang Qirong Shen Ruifu Zhang |
| author_sort | Lin Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The inoculation of plants with plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium has been an effective strategy for enhancing plant salt tolerance to diminish the loss of agricultural productivity caused by salt stress; however, the signal transmitted from bacteria to the plant under salt stress is poorly understood. In this study, the salt tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana and Zea mays was enhanced by inoculation with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9. Using dialysis bags with different molecular weight cutoffs, we sorted through the molecules secreted by SQR9 and found that spermidine is responsible for enhancing plant salt tolerance. An SQR9 ΔspeB mutant deficient in spermidine production failed to induce plant salt tolerance. However, the induction of plant salt tolerance was disrupted by mutating genes involved in reduced glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and the salt overly sensitive pathway in Arabidopsis. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, this study demonstrated that spermidine produced by SQR9 leads to increased glutamine synthetase and glutathione reductase gene expression, leading to increased levels of GSH, which is critical for scavenging reactive oxygen species. SQR9-derived spermidine also upregulates the expression of NHX1 and NHX7, which sequesters Na+ into vacuoles and expels Na+ from the cell, thereby reducing ion toxicity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T00:19:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0197a4deb43548be9a3f4afe3195e13d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0894-0282 1943-7706 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T00:19:43Z |
| publishDate | 2017-05-01 |
| publisher | The American Phytopathological Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions |
| spelling | doaj.art-0197a4deb43548be9a3f4afe3195e13d2022-12-22T03:10:48ZengThe American Phytopathological SocietyMolecular Plant-Microbe Interactions0894-02821943-77062017-05-0130542343210.1094/MPMI-02-17-0027-RBeneficial Rhizobacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 Induces Plant Salt Tolerance through Spermidine ProductionLin Chen0Yunpeng Liu1Gengwei Wu2Nan Zhang3Qirong Shen4Ruifu Zhang5Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China; andKey Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R. ChinaJiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China; andJiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China; andJiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China; andJiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China; andThe inoculation of plants with plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium has been an effective strategy for enhancing plant salt tolerance to diminish the loss of agricultural productivity caused by salt stress; however, the signal transmitted from bacteria to the plant under salt stress is poorly understood. In this study, the salt tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana and Zea mays was enhanced by inoculation with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9. Using dialysis bags with different molecular weight cutoffs, we sorted through the molecules secreted by SQR9 and found that spermidine is responsible for enhancing plant salt tolerance. An SQR9 ΔspeB mutant deficient in spermidine production failed to induce plant salt tolerance. However, the induction of plant salt tolerance was disrupted by mutating genes involved in reduced glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and the salt overly sensitive pathway in Arabidopsis. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, this study demonstrated that spermidine produced by SQR9 leads to increased glutamine synthetase and glutathione reductase gene expression, leading to increased levels of GSH, which is critical for scavenging reactive oxygen species. SQR9-derived spermidine also upregulates the expression of NHX1 and NHX7, which sequesters Na+ into vacuoles and expels Na+ from the cell, thereby reducing ion toxicity.https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/MPMI-02-17-0027-R |
| spellingShingle | Lin Chen Yunpeng Liu Gengwei Wu Nan Zhang Qirong Shen Ruifu Zhang Beneficial Rhizobacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 Induces Plant Salt Tolerance through Spermidine Production Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions |
| title | Beneficial Rhizobacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 Induces Plant Salt Tolerance through Spermidine Production |
| title_full | Beneficial Rhizobacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 Induces Plant Salt Tolerance through Spermidine Production |
| title_fullStr | Beneficial Rhizobacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 Induces Plant Salt Tolerance through Spermidine Production |
| title_full_unstemmed | Beneficial Rhizobacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 Induces Plant Salt Tolerance through Spermidine Production |
| title_short | Beneficial Rhizobacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 Induces Plant Salt Tolerance through Spermidine Production |
| title_sort | beneficial rhizobacterium bacillus amyloliquefaciens sqr9 induces plant salt tolerance through spermidine production |
| url | https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/MPMI-02-17-0027-R |
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