Genetic portrait of polyamine transporters in barley: insights in the regulation of leaf senescence
Nitrogen (N) is one of the most expensive nutrients to supply, therefore, improving the efficiency of N use is essential to reduce the cost of commercial fertilization in plant production. Since cells cannot store reduced N as NH3 or NH4+, polyamines (PAs), the low molecular weight aliphatic nitroge...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1194737/full |
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| author | Ewelina Stolarska Umesh Kumar Tanwar Yufeng Guan Magda Grabsztunowicz Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek Otto Phanstiel Ewa Sobieszczuk-Nowicka |
| author_facet | Ewelina Stolarska Umesh Kumar Tanwar Yufeng Guan Magda Grabsztunowicz Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek Otto Phanstiel Ewa Sobieszczuk-Nowicka |
| author_sort | Ewelina Stolarska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nitrogen (N) is one of the most expensive nutrients to supply, therefore, improving the efficiency of N use is essential to reduce the cost of commercial fertilization in plant production. Since cells cannot store reduced N as NH3 or NH4+, polyamines (PAs), the low molecular weight aliphatic nitrogenous bases, are important N storage compounds in plants. Manipulating polyamines may provide a method to increase nitrogen remobilization efficiency. Homeostasis of PAs is maintained by intricate multiple feedback mechanisms at the level of biosynthesis, catabolism, efflux, and uptake. The molecular characterization of the PA uptake transporter (PUT) in most crop plants remains largely unknown, and knowledge of polyamine exporters in plants is lacking. Bi-directional amino acid transporters (BATs) have been recently suggested as possible PAs exporters for Arabidopsis and rice, however, detailed characterization of these genes in crops is missing. This report describes the first systematic study to comprehensively analyze PA transporters in barley (Hordeum vulgare, Hv), specifically the PUT and BAT gene families. Here, seven PUTs (HvPUT1-7) and six BATs (HvBAT1-6) genes were identified as PA transporters in the barley genome and the detailed characterization of these HvPUT and HvBAT genes and proteins is provided. Homology modeling of all studied PA transporters provided 3D structures prediction of the proteins of interest with high accuracy. Moreover, molecular docking studies provided insights into the PA-binding pockets of HvPUTs and HvBATs facilitating improved understanding of the mechanisms and interactions involved in HvPUT/HvBAT-mediated transport of PAs. We also examined the physiochemical characteristics of PA transporters and discuss the function of PA transporters in barley development, and how they help barley respond to stress, with a particular emphasis on leaf senescence. Insights gained here could lead to improved barley production via modulation of polyamine homeostasis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T07:55:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-019f49d868204f9d9d36cd0a3025e69b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T07:55:41Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-019f49d868204f9d9d36cd0a3025e69b2023-06-02T04:52:37ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2023-06-011410.3389/fpls.2023.11947371194737Genetic portrait of polyamine transporters in barley: insights in the regulation of leaf senescenceEwelina Stolarska0Umesh Kumar Tanwar1Yufeng Guan2Magda Grabsztunowicz3Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek4Otto Phanstiel5Ewa Sobieszczuk-Nowicka6Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, PolandDepartment of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, PolandDepartment of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, PolandDepartment of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, PolandDepartment of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, PolandDepartment of Medical Education, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United StatesDepartment of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, PolandNitrogen (N) is one of the most expensive nutrients to supply, therefore, improving the efficiency of N use is essential to reduce the cost of commercial fertilization in plant production. Since cells cannot store reduced N as NH3 or NH4+, polyamines (PAs), the low molecular weight aliphatic nitrogenous bases, are important N storage compounds in plants. Manipulating polyamines may provide a method to increase nitrogen remobilization efficiency. Homeostasis of PAs is maintained by intricate multiple feedback mechanisms at the level of biosynthesis, catabolism, efflux, and uptake. The molecular characterization of the PA uptake transporter (PUT) in most crop plants remains largely unknown, and knowledge of polyamine exporters in plants is lacking. Bi-directional amino acid transporters (BATs) have been recently suggested as possible PAs exporters for Arabidopsis and rice, however, detailed characterization of these genes in crops is missing. This report describes the first systematic study to comprehensively analyze PA transporters in barley (Hordeum vulgare, Hv), specifically the PUT and BAT gene families. Here, seven PUTs (HvPUT1-7) and six BATs (HvBAT1-6) genes were identified as PA transporters in the barley genome and the detailed characterization of these HvPUT and HvBAT genes and proteins is provided. Homology modeling of all studied PA transporters provided 3D structures prediction of the proteins of interest with high accuracy. Moreover, molecular docking studies provided insights into the PA-binding pockets of HvPUTs and HvBATs facilitating improved understanding of the mechanisms and interactions involved in HvPUT/HvBAT-mediated transport of PAs. We also examined the physiochemical characteristics of PA transporters and discuss the function of PA transporters in barley development, and how they help barley respond to stress, with a particular emphasis on leaf senescence. Insights gained here could lead to improved barley production via modulation of polyamine homeostasis.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1194737/fullpolyaminespolyamine uptake transportersbi-directional amino acid transporterssenescencebarley |
| spellingShingle | Ewelina Stolarska Umesh Kumar Tanwar Yufeng Guan Magda Grabsztunowicz Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek Otto Phanstiel Ewa Sobieszczuk-Nowicka Genetic portrait of polyamine transporters in barley: insights in the regulation of leaf senescence Frontiers in Plant Science polyamines polyamine uptake transporters bi-directional amino acid transporters senescence barley |
| title | Genetic portrait of polyamine transporters in barley: insights in the regulation of leaf senescence |
| title_full | Genetic portrait of polyamine transporters in barley: insights in the regulation of leaf senescence |
| title_fullStr | Genetic portrait of polyamine transporters in barley: insights in the regulation of leaf senescence |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genetic portrait of polyamine transporters in barley: insights in the regulation of leaf senescence |
| title_short | Genetic portrait of polyamine transporters in barley: insights in the regulation of leaf senescence |
| title_sort | genetic portrait of polyamine transporters in barley insights in the regulation of leaf senescence |
| topic | polyamines polyamine uptake transporters bi-directional amino acid transporters senescence barley |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1194737/full |
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