On Measuring Electromagnetic Fields in 5G Technology
At the awakening of the new 5G network as the network of services, issues related to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) will become one of the key aspects for the cost-effective establishment of the 5G infrastructure. The new 5G services will meet the rigorous demand for bandwidth through the implementat...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2019-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8660395/ |
| _version_ | 1819133170775228416 |
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| author | Rafal Pawlak Piotr Krawiec Jerzy Zurek |
| author_facet | Rafal Pawlak Piotr Krawiec Jerzy Zurek |
| author_sort | Rafal Pawlak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | At the awakening of the new 5G network as the network of services, issues related to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) will become one of the key aspects for the cost-effective establishment of the 5G infrastructure. The new 5G services will meet the rigorous demand for bandwidth through the implementation of a large number of densely located base stations operating in the millimeter-wave range. Introduction of new emission sources, working in parallel with already existing 2G/3G/4G mobile technologies, raises concerns about exceeding the admissible EMF exposure limits. This paper analyzes issues and challenges related to EMF measurements in 5G technology, which are crucial for the assessment of EMF compliance with regulatory limits. We point out that the existing methodologies, dedicated to EMF measurements in 2G, 3G, and 4G networks, are not suitable for 5G. The reason is the use of new techniques, such as massive MIMO and precise beamforming together with higher frequency bands so that the existing measurement methods can lead to significantly overestimated results when they will be applied to 5G networks. Such results, in conjunction with the restrictive legislation on the EMF limits that apply in some countries, may have the negative impact on 5G network deployment, making it difficult to achieve the intended 5G network capabilities. We also propose an alternative method of EMF exposure assessment that is based on calculations and simulations and allows obtaining an accurate estimation of the EMF distribution in the 5G environment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T09:43:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-01a5d281d3d342bf929034fcd09c1ead |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T09:43:03Z |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-01a5d281d3d342bf929034fcd09c1ead2022-12-21T18:30:36ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362019-01-017298262983510.1109/ACCESS.2019.29024818660395On Measuring Electromagnetic Fields in 5G TechnologyRafal Pawlak0Piotr Krawiec1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2395-5155Jerzy Zurek2National Institute of Telecommunications, Warsaw, PolandNational Institute of Telecommunications, Warsaw, PolandNational Institute of Telecommunications, Warsaw, PolandAt the awakening of the new 5G network as the network of services, issues related to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) will become one of the key aspects for the cost-effective establishment of the 5G infrastructure. The new 5G services will meet the rigorous demand for bandwidth through the implementation of a large number of densely located base stations operating in the millimeter-wave range. Introduction of new emission sources, working in parallel with already existing 2G/3G/4G mobile technologies, raises concerns about exceeding the admissible EMF exposure limits. This paper analyzes issues and challenges related to EMF measurements in 5G technology, which are crucial for the assessment of EMF compliance with regulatory limits. We point out that the existing methodologies, dedicated to EMF measurements in 2G, 3G, and 4G networks, are not suitable for 5G. The reason is the use of new techniques, such as massive MIMO and precise beamforming together with higher frequency bands so that the existing measurement methods can lead to significantly overestimated results when they will be applied to 5G networks. Such results, in conjunction with the restrictive legislation on the EMF limits that apply in some countries, may have the negative impact on 5G network deployment, making it difficult to achieve the intended 5G network capabilities. We also propose an alternative method of EMF exposure assessment that is based on calculations and simulations and allows obtaining an accurate estimation of the EMF distribution in the 5G environment.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8660395/5G mobile communicationelectromagnetic fieldsEMF measurements |
| spellingShingle | Rafal Pawlak Piotr Krawiec Jerzy Zurek On Measuring Electromagnetic Fields in 5G Technology IEEE Access 5G mobile communication electromagnetic fields EMF measurements |
| title | On Measuring Electromagnetic Fields in 5G Technology |
| title_full | On Measuring Electromagnetic Fields in 5G Technology |
| title_fullStr | On Measuring Electromagnetic Fields in 5G Technology |
| title_full_unstemmed | On Measuring Electromagnetic Fields in 5G Technology |
| title_short | On Measuring Electromagnetic Fields in 5G Technology |
| title_sort | on measuring electromagnetic fields in 5g technology |
| topic | 5G mobile communication electromagnetic fields EMF measurements |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8660395/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rafalpawlak onmeasuringelectromagneticfieldsin5gtechnology AT piotrkrawiec onmeasuringelectromagneticfieldsin5gtechnology AT jerzyzurek onmeasuringelectromagneticfieldsin5gtechnology |