Distribution and Prevalence of <i>Theileria orientalis</i> Genotypes in Adult Lactating Dairy Cows in South West Region of Western Australia
Bovine anaemia caused by <i>Theileria orientalis</i> group (BATOG) causes significant production and economic losses in Australia’s cattle industry. The pathogenic <i>T. orientalis</i> genotypes reported in Australian cattle are type 1 (Chitose) and type 2 (Ikeda). The presen...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/1/125 |
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| author | Chi-Cheng Leong Charlotte L. Oskam Amanda D. Barbosa Joshua W. Aleri |
| author_facet | Chi-Cheng Leong Charlotte L. Oskam Amanda D. Barbosa Joshua W. Aleri |
| author_sort | Chi-Cheng Leong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bovine anaemia caused by <i>Theileria orientalis</i> group (BATOG) causes significant production and economic losses in Australia’s cattle industry. The pathogenic <i>T. orientalis</i> genotypes reported in Australian cattle are type 1 (Chitose) and type 2 (Ikeda). The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of <i>T. orientalis</i> genotypes in adult lactating cows in Western Australia (WA) dairy herds. A total of 100 whole blood samples from lactating cows from 10 farms were obtained and screened for <i>T. orientalis</i> using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sanger sequencing was subsequently used to characterise <i>T. orientalis</i> genotypes isolated from positive samples. A total of thirteen cows (13%; 95% CI: 7.1–21.2%) were positive for <i>T. orientalis</i>, and six out of ten farms (60%; 95% CI: 26.2–87.8%) housed at least one <i>T. orientalis</i>-positive cow. The distribution of <i>T. orientalis</i> was found to be wide and dense in the South west region of WA and the southern coast of WA. The predominant <i>T. orientalis</i> genotype identified was Ikeda (n = 11, 11%; 95% CI: 5.6–18.8%), while the Buffeli genotype was identified in WA for the first time, albeit at a low prevalence (n = 1, 1%; 95% CI: 0.0–5.4%). This study has provided useful epidemiological evidence on the prevalence and distribution of <i>T. orientalis</i> in adult lactating dairy cows in WA dairy farms, and on the importance of conducting widespread surveillance programs for the understanding of BATOG in WA. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:29:05Z |
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| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-01a63e9f38934c1eb4faeee283b264ea2023-11-30T23:54:03ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172023-01-0112112510.3390/pathogens12010125Distribution and Prevalence of <i>Theileria orientalis</i> Genotypes in Adult Lactating Dairy Cows in South West Region of Western AustraliaChi-Cheng Leong0Charlotte L. Oskam1Amanda D. Barbosa2Joshua W. Aleri3School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, AustraliaCentre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, AustraliaSchool of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, AustraliaSchool of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, AustraliaBovine anaemia caused by <i>Theileria orientalis</i> group (BATOG) causes significant production and economic losses in Australia’s cattle industry. The pathogenic <i>T. orientalis</i> genotypes reported in Australian cattle are type 1 (Chitose) and type 2 (Ikeda). The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of <i>T. orientalis</i> genotypes in adult lactating cows in Western Australia (WA) dairy herds. A total of 100 whole blood samples from lactating cows from 10 farms were obtained and screened for <i>T. orientalis</i> using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sanger sequencing was subsequently used to characterise <i>T. orientalis</i> genotypes isolated from positive samples. A total of thirteen cows (13%; 95% CI: 7.1–21.2%) were positive for <i>T. orientalis</i>, and six out of ten farms (60%; 95% CI: 26.2–87.8%) housed at least one <i>T. orientalis</i>-positive cow. The distribution of <i>T. orientalis</i> was found to be wide and dense in the South west region of WA and the southern coast of WA. The predominant <i>T. orientalis</i> genotype identified was Ikeda (n = 11, 11%; 95% CI: 5.6–18.8%), while the Buffeli genotype was identified in WA for the first time, albeit at a low prevalence (n = 1, 1%; 95% CI: 0.0–5.4%). This study has provided useful epidemiological evidence on the prevalence and distribution of <i>T. orientalis</i> in adult lactating dairy cows in WA dairy farms, and on the importance of conducting widespread surveillance programs for the understanding of BATOG in WA.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/1/125bovine anaemiagenotypeHaemaphysalis longicornisTheileria orientalis |
| spellingShingle | Chi-Cheng Leong Charlotte L. Oskam Amanda D. Barbosa Joshua W. Aleri Distribution and Prevalence of <i>Theileria orientalis</i> Genotypes in Adult Lactating Dairy Cows in South West Region of Western Australia Pathogens bovine anaemia genotype Haemaphysalis longicornis Theileria orientalis |
| title | Distribution and Prevalence of <i>Theileria orientalis</i> Genotypes in Adult Lactating Dairy Cows in South West Region of Western Australia |
| title_full | Distribution and Prevalence of <i>Theileria orientalis</i> Genotypes in Adult Lactating Dairy Cows in South West Region of Western Australia |
| title_fullStr | Distribution and Prevalence of <i>Theileria orientalis</i> Genotypes in Adult Lactating Dairy Cows in South West Region of Western Australia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Distribution and Prevalence of <i>Theileria orientalis</i> Genotypes in Adult Lactating Dairy Cows in South West Region of Western Australia |
| title_short | Distribution and Prevalence of <i>Theileria orientalis</i> Genotypes in Adult Lactating Dairy Cows in South West Region of Western Australia |
| title_sort | distribution and prevalence of i theileria orientalis i genotypes in adult lactating dairy cows in south west region of western australia |
| topic | bovine anaemia genotype Haemaphysalis longicornis Theileria orientalis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/1/125 |
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