Evaluation of secondary sexual dimorphism of the dioecious Amaranthus palmeri under abiotic stress
Abstract The evolution of secondary sex-specific traits of dioecious species under abiotic stress conditions has received limited research, especially in the case of Amaranthus palmeri, a fast adapting and highly competing plant. Here, we have examined the interactive effects of abiotic stress on mi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40453-6 |
| _version_ | 1827711133337780224 |
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| author | Nicholas E. Korres Jason K. Norsworthy Toby FitzSimons Trenton L. Roberts Derrick M. Oosterhuis Govindjee Govindjee |
| author_facet | Nicholas E. Korres Jason K. Norsworthy Toby FitzSimons Trenton L. Roberts Derrick M. Oosterhuis Govindjee Govindjee |
| author_sort | Nicholas E. Korres |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The evolution of secondary sex-specific traits of dioecious species under abiotic stress conditions has received limited research, especially in the case of Amaranthus palmeri, a fast adapting and highly competing plant. Here, we have examined the interactive effects of abiotic stress on mineral accumulation, chlorophyll a and b content, and the operating capacity of Photosystem II (PSII) in both male and female A. palmeri plants grown under three different intensities of white light, and under N, K or P deficiency. Mineral profiling of the leaves and stems (with inflorescence) highlighted intra- and intersexual differences in their accumulation pattern and mineral associations. Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were different between the male and the female plants, being slightly lower in the latter, at high light intensity towards maturity, or under K or P deficiency. Further, slight, although statistically significant differences were recorded in the chlorophyll a/b ratio, which was lower at the higher light intensity in the female, over that in the male, plants towards maturity. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, i.e., steady state and maximum fluorescence increased under high light intensity, whereas the PSII operating efficiency decreased in the female plants, indicating reduced PSII capacity. Sex-specific differences in A. palmeri showed a differential response to stressful conditions because of differences in their ontogeny and physiology, and possibly due to the cost of reproduction. We suggest that the breeding system of dioecious species has weaknesses that can be used for the ecological management of dioecious weeds without relying on the use of herbicides. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:50:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-01a77ecb7e714167b17a9891559eacde |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:50:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-01a77ecb7e714167b17a9891559eacde2023-11-20T09:22:01ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222023-08-0113111610.1038/s41598-023-40453-6Evaluation of secondary sexual dimorphism of the dioecious Amaranthus palmeri under abiotic stressNicholas E. Korres0Jason K. Norsworthy1Toby FitzSimons2Trenton L. Roberts3Derrick M. Oosterhuis4Govindjee Govindjee5School of Agriculture, Department of Agriculture, University of IoanninaCrop Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of ArkansasPepsiCo Inc.Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of ArkansasCrop Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of ArkansasPlant Biology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignAbstract The evolution of secondary sex-specific traits of dioecious species under abiotic stress conditions has received limited research, especially in the case of Amaranthus palmeri, a fast adapting and highly competing plant. Here, we have examined the interactive effects of abiotic stress on mineral accumulation, chlorophyll a and b content, and the operating capacity of Photosystem II (PSII) in both male and female A. palmeri plants grown under three different intensities of white light, and under N, K or P deficiency. Mineral profiling of the leaves and stems (with inflorescence) highlighted intra- and intersexual differences in their accumulation pattern and mineral associations. Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were different between the male and the female plants, being slightly lower in the latter, at high light intensity towards maturity, or under K or P deficiency. Further, slight, although statistically significant differences were recorded in the chlorophyll a/b ratio, which was lower at the higher light intensity in the female, over that in the male, plants towards maturity. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, i.e., steady state and maximum fluorescence increased under high light intensity, whereas the PSII operating efficiency decreased in the female plants, indicating reduced PSII capacity. Sex-specific differences in A. palmeri showed a differential response to stressful conditions because of differences in their ontogeny and physiology, and possibly due to the cost of reproduction. We suggest that the breeding system of dioecious species has weaknesses that can be used for the ecological management of dioecious weeds without relying on the use of herbicides.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40453-6 |
| spellingShingle | Nicholas E. Korres Jason K. Norsworthy Toby FitzSimons Trenton L. Roberts Derrick M. Oosterhuis Govindjee Govindjee Evaluation of secondary sexual dimorphism of the dioecious Amaranthus palmeri under abiotic stress Scientific Reports |
| title | Evaluation of secondary sexual dimorphism of the dioecious Amaranthus palmeri under abiotic stress |
| title_full | Evaluation of secondary sexual dimorphism of the dioecious Amaranthus palmeri under abiotic stress |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of secondary sexual dimorphism of the dioecious Amaranthus palmeri under abiotic stress |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of secondary sexual dimorphism of the dioecious Amaranthus palmeri under abiotic stress |
| title_short | Evaluation of secondary sexual dimorphism of the dioecious Amaranthus palmeri under abiotic stress |
| title_sort | evaluation of secondary sexual dimorphism of the dioecious amaranthus palmeri under abiotic stress |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40453-6 |
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