A Systematic Review of Virtual Reality and Robot Therapy as Recent Rehabilitation Technologies Using EEG-Brain–Computer Interface Based on Movement-Related Cortical Potentials
To enhance the treatment of motor function impairment, patients’ brain signals for self-control as an external tool may be an extraordinarily hopeful option. For the past 10 years, researchers and clinicians in the brain–computer interface (BCI) field have been using movement-related cortical potent...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Biosensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/12/12/1134 |
| _version_ | 1797461189729452032 |
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| author | Ramadhan Rashid Said Md Belal Bin Heyat Keer Song Chao Tian Zhe Wu |
| author_facet | Ramadhan Rashid Said Md Belal Bin Heyat Keer Song Chao Tian Zhe Wu |
| author_sort | Ramadhan Rashid Said |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To enhance the treatment of motor function impairment, patients’ brain signals for self-control as an external tool may be an extraordinarily hopeful option. For the past 10 years, researchers and clinicians in the brain–computer interface (BCI) field have been using movement-related cortical potential (MRCP) as a control signal in neurorehabilitation applications to induce plasticity by monitoring the intention of action and feedback. Here, we reviewed the research on robot therapy (RT) and virtual reality (VR)-MRCP-based BCI rehabilitation technologies as recent advancements in human healthcare. A list of 18 full-text studies suitable for qualitative review out of 322 articles published between 2000 and 2022 was identified based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. We used PRISMA guidelines for the systematic review, while the PEDro scale was used for quality evaluation. Bibliometric analysis was conducted using the VOSviewer software to identify the relationship and trends of key items. In this review, 4 studies used VR-MRCP, while 14 used RT-MRCP-based BCI neurorehabilitation approaches. The total number of subjects in all identified studies was 107, whereby 4.375 ± 6.3627 were patient subjects and 6.5455 ± 3.0855 were healthy subjects. The type of electrodes, the epoch, classifiers, and the performance information that are being used in the RT- and VR-MRCP-based BCI rehabilitation application are provided in this review. Furthermore, this review also describes the challenges facing this field, solutions, and future directions of these smart human health rehabilitation technologies. By key items relationship and trends analysis, we found that motor control, rehabilitation, and upper limb are important key items in the MRCP-based BCI field. Despite the potential of these rehabilitation technologies, there is a great scarcity of literature related to RT and VR-MRCP-based BCI. However, the information on these rehabilitation methods can be beneficial in developing RT and VR-MRCP-based BCI rehabilitation devices to induce brain plasticity and restore motor impairment. Therefore, this review will provide the basis and references of the MRCP-based BCI used in rehabilitation applications for further clinical and research development. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:15:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-01b65ab4fc134d25aa7974f08edbcc80 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6374 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:15:52Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biosensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-01b65ab4fc134d25aa7974f08edbcc802023-11-24T13:37:06ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742022-12-011212113410.3390/bios12121134A Systematic Review of Virtual Reality and Robot Therapy as Recent Rehabilitation Technologies Using EEG-Brain–Computer Interface Based on Movement-Related Cortical PotentialsRamadhan Rashid Said0Md Belal Bin Heyat1Keer Song2Chao Tian3Zhe Wu4School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, ChinaIoT Research Center, College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, ChinaFranklin College of Arts and Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USADepartment of Women’s Health, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu 610044, ChinaSchool of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, ChinaTo enhance the treatment of motor function impairment, patients’ brain signals for self-control as an external tool may be an extraordinarily hopeful option. For the past 10 years, researchers and clinicians in the brain–computer interface (BCI) field have been using movement-related cortical potential (MRCP) as a control signal in neurorehabilitation applications to induce plasticity by monitoring the intention of action and feedback. Here, we reviewed the research on robot therapy (RT) and virtual reality (VR)-MRCP-based BCI rehabilitation technologies as recent advancements in human healthcare. A list of 18 full-text studies suitable for qualitative review out of 322 articles published between 2000 and 2022 was identified based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. We used PRISMA guidelines for the systematic review, while the PEDro scale was used for quality evaluation. Bibliometric analysis was conducted using the VOSviewer software to identify the relationship and trends of key items. In this review, 4 studies used VR-MRCP, while 14 used RT-MRCP-based BCI neurorehabilitation approaches. The total number of subjects in all identified studies was 107, whereby 4.375 ± 6.3627 were patient subjects and 6.5455 ± 3.0855 were healthy subjects. The type of electrodes, the epoch, classifiers, and the performance information that are being used in the RT- and VR-MRCP-based BCI rehabilitation application are provided in this review. Furthermore, this review also describes the challenges facing this field, solutions, and future directions of these smart human health rehabilitation technologies. By key items relationship and trends analysis, we found that motor control, rehabilitation, and upper limb are important key items in the MRCP-based BCI field. Despite the potential of these rehabilitation technologies, there is a great scarcity of literature related to RT and VR-MRCP-based BCI. However, the information on these rehabilitation methods can be beneficial in developing RT and VR-MRCP-based BCI rehabilitation devices to induce brain plasticity and restore motor impairment. Therefore, this review will provide the basis and references of the MRCP-based BCI used in rehabilitation applications for further clinical and research development.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/12/12/1134neurological diseaseselectroencephalographybiomedical signalbrain–computer interfacehuman healthcarevirtual reality |
| spellingShingle | Ramadhan Rashid Said Md Belal Bin Heyat Keer Song Chao Tian Zhe Wu A Systematic Review of Virtual Reality and Robot Therapy as Recent Rehabilitation Technologies Using EEG-Brain–Computer Interface Based on Movement-Related Cortical Potentials Biosensors neurological diseases electroencephalography biomedical signal brain–computer interface human healthcare virtual reality |
| title | A Systematic Review of Virtual Reality and Robot Therapy as Recent Rehabilitation Technologies Using EEG-Brain–Computer Interface Based on Movement-Related Cortical Potentials |
| title_full | A Systematic Review of Virtual Reality and Robot Therapy as Recent Rehabilitation Technologies Using EEG-Brain–Computer Interface Based on Movement-Related Cortical Potentials |
| title_fullStr | A Systematic Review of Virtual Reality and Robot Therapy as Recent Rehabilitation Technologies Using EEG-Brain–Computer Interface Based on Movement-Related Cortical Potentials |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Systematic Review of Virtual Reality and Robot Therapy as Recent Rehabilitation Technologies Using EEG-Brain–Computer Interface Based on Movement-Related Cortical Potentials |
| title_short | A Systematic Review of Virtual Reality and Robot Therapy as Recent Rehabilitation Technologies Using EEG-Brain–Computer Interface Based on Movement-Related Cortical Potentials |
| title_sort | systematic review of virtual reality and robot therapy as recent rehabilitation technologies using eeg brain computer interface based on movement related cortical potentials |
| topic | neurological diseases electroencephalography biomedical signal brain–computer interface human healthcare virtual reality |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/12/12/1134 |
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