Snapshot of the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Iraq
This study explored the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Iraq by spoligotyping and 15-locus-based mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) methods. Initially, 270 isolates from 134 patients were collected and then 134 non-duplica...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2014-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Mycobacteriology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.ijmyco.org/article.asp?issn=2212-5531;year=2014;volume=3;issue=3;spage=184;epage=196;aulast=Ahmed |
| _version_ | 1798046154684891136 |
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| author | Mohanad Mohsin Ahmed Suhad Hadi Mohammed Hasan A. Abood Nasurallah Mousa M Ali David Couvin Nalin Rastogi |
| author_facet | Mohanad Mohsin Ahmed Suhad Hadi Mohammed Hasan A. Abood Nasurallah Mousa M Ali David Couvin Nalin Rastogi |
| author_sort | Mohanad Mohsin Ahmed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study explored the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Iraq by spoligotyping and 15-locus-based mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) methods. Initially, 270 isolates from 134 patients were collected and then 134 non-duplicating isolates (1 isolate/patient) were subjected to the study analyses, 70 isolates were found to be multidrug resistant (MDR) upon testing by proportion method on Löwenstein–Jensen medium.
Spoligotyping yielded 39 patterns; 111/134 (82.2%) isolates being grouped in 16 clusters vs. 23/134 (17.2%) isolates being unique. SIT1144/T1 represented the largest cluster (n= 20, 14.9%), followed by SIT25/CAS1_Delhi (n= 19, 14.2), SIT22/CAS1_Delhi (n= 12, 9%); the other clusters ranged from 2 to 8 isolates. The SIT1144 is not reported in neighboring countries and only 4 isolates were reported worldwide (2 in USA, 1 in Venezuela, and 1 in Greece). This study reported 4 isolates belonging to SIT41/Turkey family, and thus it seems that this family is not exclusive to Turkey as previously thought. CAS lineage was predominant in this study (42.5%), followed by ill-defined T (29.9%).
Highly diverse MIRU-VNTR genotypes were displayed; 100 distinct MIRU-VNTR genotypes were detected (8 clusters with 2–8 strains/cluster and 92 unique). The clustering rate was 18.03%. The discriminatory efficiency of MIRU-VNTR was high (Hunter-Gaston discriminatory index [HGDI]= 0.992); it was higher than that of spoligotyping (HGDI; 0.930). However, the highest discriminatory power was provided by spoligotyping and MIRUs together. Owing to the low clustering rate by MIRU-VNTR, these results suggest that drug-resistance TB in Iraq is due to acquired resistance as opposed to transmission.
Conclusion: Iraq is specific in having its own most predominant lineage (SIT1144/T1) which is not found among neighboring countries. The 15-locus MIRU-VNTR can be useful in discriminating M. tuberculosis isolates in Iraq. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T23:32:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-01bb6ea95fab453eaf130651fb979076 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2212-5531 2212-554X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T23:32:56Z |
| publishDate | 2014-01-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Mycobacteriology |
| spelling | doaj.art-01bb6ea95fab453eaf130651fb9790762022-12-22T03:57:03ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsInternational Journal of Mycobacteriology2212-55312212-554X2014-01-013318419610.1016/j.ijmyco.2014.07.006Snapshot of the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in IraqMohanad Mohsin AhmedSuhad Hadi MohammedHasan A. Abood NasurallahMousa M AliDavid CouvinNalin RastogiThis study explored the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Iraq by spoligotyping and 15-locus-based mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) methods. Initially, 270 isolates from 134 patients were collected and then 134 non-duplicating isolates (1 isolate/patient) were subjected to the study analyses, 70 isolates were found to be multidrug resistant (MDR) upon testing by proportion method on Löwenstein–Jensen medium. Spoligotyping yielded 39 patterns; 111/134 (82.2%) isolates being grouped in 16 clusters vs. 23/134 (17.2%) isolates being unique. SIT1144/T1 represented the largest cluster (n= 20, 14.9%), followed by SIT25/CAS1_Delhi (n= 19, 14.2), SIT22/CAS1_Delhi (n= 12, 9%); the other clusters ranged from 2 to 8 isolates. The SIT1144 is not reported in neighboring countries and only 4 isolates were reported worldwide (2 in USA, 1 in Venezuela, and 1 in Greece). This study reported 4 isolates belonging to SIT41/Turkey family, and thus it seems that this family is not exclusive to Turkey as previously thought. CAS lineage was predominant in this study (42.5%), followed by ill-defined T (29.9%). Highly diverse MIRU-VNTR genotypes were displayed; 100 distinct MIRU-VNTR genotypes were detected (8 clusters with 2–8 strains/cluster and 92 unique). The clustering rate was 18.03%. The discriminatory efficiency of MIRU-VNTR was high (Hunter-Gaston discriminatory index [HGDI]= 0.992); it was higher than that of spoligotyping (HGDI; 0.930). However, the highest discriminatory power was provided by spoligotyping and MIRUs together. Owing to the low clustering rate by MIRU-VNTR, these results suggest that drug-resistance TB in Iraq is due to acquired resistance as opposed to transmission. Conclusion: Iraq is specific in having its own most predominant lineage (SIT1144/T1) which is not found among neighboring countries. The 15-locus MIRU-VNTR can be useful in discriminating M. tuberculosis isolates in Iraq.http://www.ijmyco.org/article.asp?issn=2212-5531;year=2014;volume=3;issue=3;spage=184;epage=196;aulast=AhmedTBGenetic diversitySpoligotypingMIRU-VNTR |
| spellingShingle | Mohanad Mohsin Ahmed Suhad Hadi Mohammed Hasan A. Abood Nasurallah Mousa M Ali David Couvin Nalin Rastogi Snapshot of the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Iraq International Journal of Mycobacteriology TB Genetic diversity Spoligotyping MIRU-VNTR |
| title | Snapshot of the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Iraq |
| title_full | Snapshot of the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Iraq |
| title_fullStr | Snapshot of the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Iraq |
| title_full_unstemmed | Snapshot of the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Iraq |
| title_short | Snapshot of the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Iraq |
| title_sort | snapshot of the genetic diversity of mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in iraq |
| topic | TB Genetic diversity Spoligotyping MIRU-VNTR |
| url | http://www.ijmyco.org/article.asp?issn=2212-5531;year=2014;volume=3;issue=3;spage=184;epage=196;aulast=Ahmed |
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