Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons by <i>Drechslera</i><i>spicifera</i> Isolated from Contaminated Soil in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Currently, the bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons employs microbial biosurfactants because of their public acceptability, biological safety, and low cost. These organisms can degrade or detoxify organic-contaminated areas, such as marine ecosystems. The current study aimed to test the oil-biod...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/19/6450 |
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| author | Rasha M. Al-Zahrani Fatimah Al-Otibi Najat Marraiki Raedah I. Alharbi Horiah A. Aldehaish |
| author_facet | Rasha M. Al-Zahrani Fatimah Al-Otibi Najat Marraiki Raedah I. Alharbi Horiah A. Aldehaish |
| author_sort | Rasha M. Al-Zahrani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Currently, the bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons employs microbial biosurfactants because of their public acceptability, biological safety, and low cost. These organisms can degrade or detoxify organic-contaminated areas, such as marine ecosystems. The current study aimed to test the oil-biodegradation ability of the fungus <i>Drechslera spicifera</i>, which was isolated from contaminated soil samples in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. We used hydrocarbon tolerance, scanning electron microscopy, DCPIP, drop-collapse, emulsification activity, recovery of biosurfactants, and germination assays to assess the biodegradation characteristics of the <i>D. spicifera</i> against kerosene, crude, diesel, used, and mixed oils. The results of DCPIP show that the highest oxidation (0.736 a.u.) was induced by crude oil on the 15th day. In contrast, kerosene and used oil had the highest measurements in emulsification activity and drop-collapse assays, respectively. Meanwhile, crude and used oils produced the highest amounts of biosurfactants through acid precipitation and solvent extraction assays. Furthermore, the biosurfactants stimulated the germination of tomato seeds by more than 50% compared to the control. These findings highlight the biodegradation ability of <i>D. spicifera</i>, which has been proven in the use of petroleum oils as the sole source of carbon. That might encourage further research to demonstrate its application in the cleaning of large, contaminated areas. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:24:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-01c80c5a712647aa8bc65a608f7c3b61 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:24:16Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-01c80c5a712647aa8bc65a608f7c3b612023-11-23T21:11:37ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-09-012719645010.3390/molecules27196450Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons by <i>Drechslera</i><i>spicifera</i> Isolated from Contaminated Soil in Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaRasha M. Al-Zahrani0Fatimah Al-Otibi1Najat Marraiki2Raedah I. Alharbi3Horiah A. Aldehaish4Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi ArabiaCurrently, the bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons employs microbial biosurfactants because of their public acceptability, biological safety, and low cost. These organisms can degrade or detoxify organic-contaminated areas, such as marine ecosystems. The current study aimed to test the oil-biodegradation ability of the fungus <i>Drechslera spicifera</i>, which was isolated from contaminated soil samples in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. We used hydrocarbon tolerance, scanning electron microscopy, DCPIP, drop-collapse, emulsification activity, recovery of biosurfactants, and germination assays to assess the biodegradation characteristics of the <i>D. spicifera</i> against kerosene, crude, diesel, used, and mixed oils. The results of DCPIP show that the highest oxidation (0.736 a.u.) was induced by crude oil on the 15th day. In contrast, kerosene and used oil had the highest measurements in emulsification activity and drop-collapse assays, respectively. Meanwhile, crude and used oils produced the highest amounts of biosurfactants through acid precipitation and solvent extraction assays. Furthermore, the biosurfactants stimulated the germination of tomato seeds by more than 50% compared to the control. These findings highlight the biodegradation ability of <i>D. spicifera</i>, which has been proven in the use of petroleum oils as the sole source of carbon. That might encourage further research to demonstrate its application in the cleaning of large, contaminated areas.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/19/6450<i>Drechslera spicifera</i>biosurfactantshydrocarbonsbiodegradation |
| spellingShingle | Rasha M. Al-Zahrani Fatimah Al-Otibi Najat Marraiki Raedah I. Alharbi Horiah A. Aldehaish Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons by <i>Drechslera</i><i>spicifera</i> Isolated from Contaminated Soil in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Molecules <i>Drechslera spicifera</i> biosurfactants hydrocarbons biodegradation |
| title | Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons by <i>Drechslera</i><i>spicifera</i> Isolated from Contaminated Soil in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia |
| title_full | Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons by <i>Drechslera</i><i>spicifera</i> Isolated from Contaminated Soil in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia |
| title_fullStr | Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons by <i>Drechslera</i><i>spicifera</i> Isolated from Contaminated Soil in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons by <i>Drechslera</i><i>spicifera</i> Isolated from Contaminated Soil in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia |
| title_short | Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons by <i>Drechslera</i><i>spicifera</i> Isolated from Contaminated Soil in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia |
| title_sort | biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by i drechslera i i spicifera i isolated from contaminated soil in riyadh saudi arabia |
| topic | <i>Drechslera spicifera</i> biosurfactants hydrocarbons biodegradation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/19/6450 |
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