Properties of Na<sub>0.5</sub>Bi<sub>0.5</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> Ceramics Modified with Fe and Mn
Na<sub>0.5</sub>Bi<sub>0.5</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> (NBT) and Fe- and Mn-modified NBT (0.5 and 1 mol%) ceramics were synthesized by the solid-state reaction method. The crystal structure, dielectric and thermal properties of these ceramics were measured in both unpole...
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| author | Jan Suchanicz Marcin Wąs Michalina Nowakowska-Malczyk Dorota Sitko Kamila Kluczewska-Chmielarz Krzysztof Konieczny Grzegorz Jagło Piotr Czaja Bartosz Handke Zofia Kucia Patryk Zając Klaudia Łyszczarz |
| author_facet | Jan Suchanicz Marcin Wąs Michalina Nowakowska-Malczyk Dorota Sitko Kamila Kluczewska-Chmielarz Krzysztof Konieczny Grzegorz Jagło Piotr Czaja Bartosz Handke Zofia Kucia Patryk Zając Klaudia Łyszczarz |
| author_sort | Jan Suchanicz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Na<sub>0.5</sub>Bi<sub>0.5</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> (NBT) and Fe- and Mn-modified NBT (0.5 and 1 mol%) ceramics were synthesized by the solid-state reaction method. The crystal structure, dielectric and thermal properties of these ceramics were measured in both unpoled and poled states. Neither the addition of iron/manganese to NBT nor poling changed the average crystal structure of the material; however, changes were observed in the short-range scale. The changes in shapes of the Bragg peaks and in their 2Θ-position and changes in the Raman spectra indicated a temperature-driven structural evolution similar to that in pure NBT. It was found that both substitutions led to a decrease in the depolarization temperature T<sub>d</sub> and an increase in the piezoelectric coefficient d<sub>33</sub>. In addition, applying an electric field reactivated and extended the ferroelectric state to higher temperatures (T<sub>d</sub> increased). These effects could be the result of: crystal structure disturbance; changes in the density of defects; the appearance of (Fe<sub>Ti</sub>ˈ-), (Mn′<sub>Ti</sub>-V<sup>••</sup><sub>O</sub>) and (Mn″<sub>Tii</sub>-V<sup>••</sup><sub>O</sub> )—microdipoles; improved domain reorientation conditions and instability of the local polarization state due to the introduction of Fe and Mn into the NBT; reinforced polarization/domain ordering; and partial transformation of the rhombohedral regions into tetragonal ones by the electric field, which supports a long-range ferroelectric state. The possible occupancy of A- and/or B-sites by Fe and Mn ions is discussed based on ionic radius/valence/electronegativity principles. The doping of Fe/Mn and E-poling offers an effective way to modify the properties of NBT. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:19:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-01c8505b98cb4a169299cd1e8254c0e9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:19:08Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-01c8505b98cb4a169299cd1e8254c0e92023-11-23T17:29:30ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-09-011518620410.3390/ma15186204Properties of Na<sub>0.5</sub>Bi<sub>0.5</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> Ceramics Modified with Fe and MnJan Suchanicz0Marcin Wąs1Michalina Nowakowska-Malczyk2Dorota Sitko3Kamila Kluczewska-Chmielarz4Krzysztof Konieczny5Grzegorz Jagło6Piotr Czaja7Bartosz Handke8Zofia Kucia9Patryk Zając10Klaudia Łyszczarz11Department of Mechanical Engineering and Agrophysics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 120, 31-120 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Bioprocess Engineering, Power Engineering and Automation, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 120, 31-120 Krakow, PolandInstitute of Physics, Pedagogical University, Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, PolandInstitute of Physics, Pedagogical University, Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, PolandInstitute of Technology, Pedagogical University, Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, PolandInstitute of Technology, Pedagogical University, Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, PolandInstitute of Technology, Pedagogical University, Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, PolandInstitute of Technology, Pedagogical University, Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, PolandFaculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, al.Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, PolandFaculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, al.Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, PolandFaculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, al.Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, PolandFaculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, al.Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, PolandNa<sub>0.5</sub>Bi<sub>0.5</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> (NBT) and Fe- and Mn-modified NBT (0.5 and 1 mol%) ceramics were synthesized by the solid-state reaction method. The crystal structure, dielectric and thermal properties of these ceramics were measured in both unpoled and poled states. Neither the addition of iron/manganese to NBT nor poling changed the average crystal structure of the material; however, changes were observed in the short-range scale. The changes in shapes of the Bragg peaks and in their 2Θ-position and changes in the Raman spectra indicated a temperature-driven structural evolution similar to that in pure NBT. It was found that both substitutions led to a decrease in the depolarization temperature T<sub>d</sub> and an increase in the piezoelectric coefficient d<sub>33</sub>. In addition, applying an electric field reactivated and extended the ferroelectric state to higher temperatures (T<sub>d</sub> increased). These effects could be the result of: crystal structure disturbance; changes in the density of defects; the appearance of (Fe<sub>Ti</sub>ˈ-), (Mn′<sub>Ti</sub>-V<sup>••</sup><sub>O</sub>) and (Mn″<sub>Tii</sub>-V<sup>••</sup><sub>O</sub> )—microdipoles; improved domain reorientation conditions and instability of the local polarization state due to the introduction of Fe and Mn into the NBT; reinforced polarization/domain ordering; and partial transformation of the rhombohedral regions into tetragonal ones by the electric field, which supports a long-range ferroelectric state. The possible occupancy of A- and/or B-sites by Fe and Mn ions is discussed based on ionic radius/valence/electronegativity principles. The doping of Fe/Mn and E-poling offers an effective way to modify the properties of NBT.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/18/6204Fe- and Mn-doped NBTstructural propertiesdielectric propertiesthermal propertiesunpoled and poled states |
| spellingShingle | Jan Suchanicz Marcin Wąs Michalina Nowakowska-Malczyk Dorota Sitko Kamila Kluczewska-Chmielarz Krzysztof Konieczny Grzegorz Jagło Piotr Czaja Bartosz Handke Zofia Kucia Patryk Zając Klaudia Łyszczarz Properties of Na<sub>0.5</sub>Bi<sub>0.5</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> Ceramics Modified with Fe and Mn Materials Fe- and Mn-doped NBT structural properties dielectric properties thermal properties unpoled and poled states |
| title | Properties of Na<sub>0.5</sub>Bi<sub>0.5</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> Ceramics Modified with Fe and Mn |
| title_full | Properties of Na<sub>0.5</sub>Bi<sub>0.5</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> Ceramics Modified with Fe and Mn |
| title_fullStr | Properties of Na<sub>0.5</sub>Bi<sub>0.5</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> Ceramics Modified with Fe and Mn |
| title_full_unstemmed | Properties of Na<sub>0.5</sub>Bi<sub>0.5</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> Ceramics Modified with Fe and Mn |
| title_short | Properties of Na<sub>0.5</sub>Bi<sub>0.5</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> Ceramics Modified with Fe and Mn |
| title_sort | properties of na sub 0 5 sub bi sub 0 5 sub tio sub 3 sub ceramics modified with fe and mn |
| topic | Fe- and Mn-doped NBT structural properties dielectric properties thermal properties unpoled and poled states |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/18/6204 |
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