Progress in Assays of HMGB1 Levels in Human Plasma—The Potential Prognostic Value in COVID-19
Extracellular HMGB1 protein is known to induce inflammatory responses leading to an inflammatory storm. The outbreak of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome COVID-19 due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus has resulted in a huge health concern worldwide. Recent data revealed that plasma/serum HMGB1 levels of p...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Biomolecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/12/4/544 |
| _version_ | 1797436724967636992 |
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| author | Michal Štros Eva Volfová Polanská Tereza Hlaváčová Petr Skládal |
| author_facet | Michal Štros Eva Volfová Polanská Tereza Hlaváčová Petr Skládal |
| author_sort | Michal Štros |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Extracellular HMGB1 protein is known to induce inflammatory responses leading to an inflammatory storm. The outbreak of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome COVID-19 due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus has resulted in a huge health concern worldwide. Recent data revealed that plasma/serum HMGB1 levels of patients suffering from inflammation-mediated disorders—such as COVID-19, cancer, and autoimmune disorders—correlate positively with disease severity and vice versa. A late release of HMGB1 in sepsis suggests the existence of a wide therapeutic window for treating sepsis. Rapid and accurate methods for the detection of HMGB1 levels in plasma/serum are, therefore, of great importance for monitoring the occurrence, treatment success, and survival prediction of patients with inflammation-mediated diseases. In this review, we briefly explain the role of HMGB1 in the cell, and particularly the involvement of extracellular HMGB1 (released from the cells) in inflammation-mediated diseases, with an emphasis on COVID-19. The current assays to measure HMGB1 levels in human plasma—Western blotting, ELISA, EMSA, and a new approach based on electrochemical immunosensors, including some of our preliminary results—are presented and thoroughly discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:05:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-01df51bab1eb4c9ebf798f6027f7c02c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:05:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-01df51bab1eb4c9ebf798f6027f7c02c2023-12-01T00:56:06ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2022-04-0112454410.3390/biom12040544Progress in Assays of HMGB1 Levels in Human Plasma—The Potential Prognostic Value in COVID-19Michal Štros0Eva Volfová Polanská1Tereza Hlaváčová2Petr Skládal3Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 61200 Brno, Czech RepublicInstitute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 61200 Brno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 60177 Brno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 60177 Brno, Czech RepublicExtracellular HMGB1 protein is known to induce inflammatory responses leading to an inflammatory storm. The outbreak of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome COVID-19 due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus has resulted in a huge health concern worldwide. Recent data revealed that plasma/serum HMGB1 levels of patients suffering from inflammation-mediated disorders—such as COVID-19, cancer, and autoimmune disorders—correlate positively with disease severity and vice versa. A late release of HMGB1 in sepsis suggests the existence of a wide therapeutic window for treating sepsis. Rapid and accurate methods for the detection of HMGB1 levels in plasma/serum are, therefore, of great importance for monitoring the occurrence, treatment success, and survival prediction of patients with inflammation-mediated diseases. In this review, we briefly explain the role of HMGB1 in the cell, and particularly the involvement of extracellular HMGB1 (released from the cells) in inflammation-mediated diseases, with an emphasis on COVID-19. The current assays to measure HMGB1 levels in human plasma—Western blotting, ELISA, EMSA, and a new approach based on electrochemical immunosensors, including some of our preliminary results—are presented and thoroughly discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/12/4/544HMGB1plasma/serumELISAEMSAimmunosensorCOVID-19 |
| spellingShingle | Michal Štros Eva Volfová Polanská Tereza Hlaváčová Petr Skládal Progress in Assays of HMGB1 Levels in Human Plasma—The Potential Prognostic Value in COVID-19 Biomolecules HMGB1 plasma/serum ELISA EMSA immunosensor COVID-19 |
| title | Progress in Assays of HMGB1 Levels in Human Plasma—The Potential Prognostic Value in COVID-19 |
| title_full | Progress in Assays of HMGB1 Levels in Human Plasma—The Potential Prognostic Value in COVID-19 |
| title_fullStr | Progress in Assays of HMGB1 Levels in Human Plasma—The Potential Prognostic Value in COVID-19 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Progress in Assays of HMGB1 Levels in Human Plasma—The Potential Prognostic Value in COVID-19 |
| title_short | Progress in Assays of HMGB1 Levels in Human Plasma—The Potential Prognostic Value in COVID-19 |
| title_sort | progress in assays of hmgb1 levels in human plasma the potential prognostic value in covid 19 |
| topic | HMGB1 plasma/serum ELISA EMSA immunosensor COVID-19 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/12/4/544 |
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