The highly rearranged mitochondrial genomes of three economically important scale insects and the mitochondrial phylogeny of Coccoidea (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha)
The mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of scale insects are less known in comparison to other insects, which hinders the phylogenetic and evolutionary studies of Coccoidea and higher taxa. Herein, the complete mitogenomes of Unaspis yanonensis, Planococcus citri and Ceroplastes rubens were sequence...
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PeerJ Inc.
2020-10-01
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| author | Hong-Ling Liu Qing-Dong Chen Song Chen De-Qiang Pu Zhi-Teng Chen Yue-Yue Liu Xu Liu |
| author_facet | Hong-Ling Liu Qing-Dong Chen Song Chen De-Qiang Pu Zhi-Teng Chen Yue-Yue Liu Xu Liu |
| author_sort | Hong-Ling Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of scale insects are less known in comparison to other insects, which hinders the phylogenetic and evolutionary studies of Coccoidea and higher taxa. Herein, the complete mitogenomes of Unaspis yanonensis, Planococcus citri and Ceroplastes rubens were sequenced for Coccoidea. The 15,220-bp long mitogenome of U. yanonensis contained the typical set of 37 genes including 13 PCGs, 22 tRNA genes and two rRNA genes; the 15,549-bp long mitogenome of P. citri lacked the tRNA gene trnV; the 15,387-bp long mitogenome of C. rubens exhibited several shortened PCGs and lacked five tRNA genes. The mitochondrial gene arrangement of the three mitogenomes was different from other scale insects and Drosophila yakuba. Most PCGs used standard ATN (ATA, ATT, ATC and ATG) start codons and complete TAN (TAA or TAG) termination codons. The ND4L had the highest evolutionary rate but COX1 and CYTB were the lowest. Most tRNA genes had cloverleaf secondary structures, whereas the reduction of dihydrouridine (DHU) arms and TψC arms were detected. Tandem repeats, stem-loop (SL) structures and poly-[TA]n stretch were found in the control regions (CRs) of the three mitogenomes. The phylogenetic analyses using Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood methods (ML) showed identical results, both supporting the inner relationship of Coccoidea as Coccidae + (Pseudococcidae + Diaspididae). |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:45:54Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-01e48e6077184a4ba6e2a281b08d0c0b2023-12-03T10:35:56ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592020-10-018e993210.7717/peerj.9932The highly rearranged mitochondrial genomes of three economically important scale insects and the mitochondrial phylogeny of Coccoidea (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha)Hong-Ling Liu0Qing-Dong Chen1Song Chen2De-Qiang Pu3Zhi-Teng Chen4Yue-Yue Liu5Xu Liu6Institute of plant protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of integrated pest management of Southwest crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, ChinaInstitute of plant protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of integrated pest management of Southwest crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, ChinaInstitute of plant protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of integrated pest management of Southwest crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, ChinaInstitute of plant protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of integrated pest management of Southwest crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, ChinaSchool of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, ChinaAnalysis and testing center of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, ChinaInstitute of plant protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of integrated pest management of Southwest crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, ChinaThe mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of scale insects are less known in comparison to other insects, which hinders the phylogenetic and evolutionary studies of Coccoidea and higher taxa. Herein, the complete mitogenomes of Unaspis yanonensis, Planococcus citri and Ceroplastes rubens were sequenced for Coccoidea. The 15,220-bp long mitogenome of U. yanonensis contained the typical set of 37 genes including 13 PCGs, 22 tRNA genes and two rRNA genes; the 15,549-bp long mitogenome of P. citri lacked the tRNA gene trnV; the 15,387-bp long mitogenome of C. rubens exhibited several shortened PCGs and lacked five tRNA genes. The mitochondrial gene arrangement of the three mitogenomes was different from other scale insects and Drosophila yakuba. Most PCGs used standard ATN (ATA, ATT, ATC and ATG) start codons and complete TAN (TAA or TAG) termination codons. The ND4L had the highest evolutionary rate but COX1 and CYTB were the lowest. Most tRNA genes had cloverleaf secondary structures, whereas the reduction of dihydrouridine (DHU) arms and TψC arms were detected. Tandem repeats, stem-loop (SL) structures and poly-[TA]n stretch were found in the control regions (CRs) of the three mitogenomes. The phylogenetic analyses using Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood methods (ML) showed identical results, both supporting the inner relationship of Coccoidea as Coccidae + (Pseudococcidae + Diaspididae).https://peerj.com/articles/9932.pdfHemipteraSternorrhynchaCoccoideaMitogenomePhylogeny |
| spellingShingle | Hong-Ling Liu Qing-Dong Chen Song Chen De-Qiang Pu Zhi-Teng Chen Yue-Yue Liu Xu Liu The highly rearranged mitochondrial genomes of three economically important scale insects and the mitochondrial phylogeny of Coccoidea (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) PeerJ Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha Coccoidea Mitogenome Phylogeny |
| title | The highly rearranged mitochondrial genomes of three economically important scale insects and the mitochondrial phylogeny of Coccoidea (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) |
| title_full | The highly rearranged mitochondrial genomes of three economically important scale insects and the mitochondrial phylogeny of Coccoidea (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) |
| title_fullStr | The highly rearranged mitochondrial genomes of three economically important scale insects and the mitochondrial phylogeny of Coccoidea (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) |
| title_full_unstemmed | The highly rearranged mitochondrial genomes of three economically important scale insects and the mitochondrial phylogeny of Coccoidea (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) |
| title_short | The highly rearranged mitochondrial genomes of three economically important scale insects and the mitochondrial phylogeny of Coccoidea (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) |
| title_sort | highly rearranged mitochondrial genomes of three economically important scale insects and the mitochondrial phylogeny of coccoidea hemiptera sternorrhyncha |
| topic | Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha Coccoidea Mitogenome Phylogeny |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/9932.pdf |
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