Gene expression profile of HCT-8 cells following single or co-infections with Cryptosporidium parvum and bovine coronavirus
Abstract Among the causative agents of neonatal diarrhoea in calves, two of the most prevalent are bovine coronavirus (BCoV) and the intracellular parasite Cryptosporidium parvum. Although several studies indicate that co-infections are associated with greater symptom severity, the host–pathogen int...
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| Format: | Article |
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Nature Portfolio
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-49488-1 |
| _version_ | 1797388314190282752 |
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| author | Alejandro Jiménez-Meléndez Ruchika Shakya Turhan Markussen Lucy J. Robertson Mette Myrmel Shokouh Makvandi-Nejad |
| author_facet | Alejandro Jiménez-Meléndez Ruchika Shakya Turhan Markussen Lucy J. Robertson Mette Myrmel Shokouh Makvandi-Nejad |
| author_sort | Alejandro Jiménez-Meléndez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Among the causative agents of neonatal diarrhoea in calves, two of the most prevalent are bovine coronavirus (BCoV) and the intracellular parasite Cryptosporidium parvum. Although several studies indicate that co-infections are associated with greater symptom severity, the host–pathogen interplay remains unresolved. Here, our main objective was to investigate the modulation of the transcriptome of HCT-8 cells during single and co-infections with BCoV and C. parvum. For this, HCT-8 cells were inoculated with (1) BCoV alone, (2) C. parvum alone, (3) BCoV and C. parvum simultaneously. After 24 and 72 h, cells were harvested and analyzed using high-throughput RNA sequencing. Following differential expression analysis, over 6000 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in virus-infected and co-exposed cells at 72 hpi, whereas only 52 DEGs were found in C. parvum-infected cells at the same time point. Pathway (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that DEGs in the virus-infected and co-exposed cells were mostly associated with immune pathways (such as NF-κB, TNF-α or, IL-17), apoptosis and regulation of transcription, with a more limited effect exerted by C. parvum. Although the modulation observed in the co-infection was apparently dominated by the virus, over 800 DEGs were uniquely expressed in co-exposed cells at 72 hpi. Our findings provide insights on possible biomarkers associated with co-infection, which could be further explored using in vivo models. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T22:37:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-01ead05f5c034528908e084efff218fe |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T22:37:58Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-01ead05f5c034528908e084efff218fe2023-12-17T12:17:49ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222023-12-0113111410.1038/s41598-023-49488-1Gene expression profile of HCT-8 cells following single or co-infections with Cryptosporidium parvum and bovine coronavirusAlejandro Jiménez-Meléndez0Ruchika Shakya1Turhan Markussen2Lucy J. Robertson3Mette Myrmel4Shokouh Makvandi-Nejad5Department of Paraclinical Sciences (PARAFAG), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU)Department of Paraclinical Sciences (PARAFAG), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU)Department of Paraclinical Sciences (PARAFAG), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU)Department of Paraclinical Sciences (PARAFAG), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU)Department of Paraclinical Sciences (PARAFAG), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU)Research Group Animal Health, Vaccinology, Norwegian Veterinary InstituteAbstract Among the causative agents of neonatal diarrhoea in calves, two of the most prevalent are bovine coronavirus (BCoV) and the intracellular parasite Cryptosporidium parvum. Although several studies indicate that co-infections are associated with greater symptom severity, the host–pathogen interplay remains unresolved. Here, our main objective was to investigate the modulation of the transcriptome of HCT-8 cells during single and co-infections with BCoV and C. parvum. For this, HCT-8 cells were inoculated with (1) BCoV alone, (2) C. parvum alone, (3) BCoV and C. parvum simultaneously. After 24 and 72 h, cells were harvested and analyzed using high-throughput RNA sequencing. Following differential expression analysis, over 6000 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in virus-infected and co-exposed cells at 72 hpi, whereas only 52 DEGs were found in C. parvum-infected cells at the same time point. Pathway (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that DEGs in the virus-infected and co-exposed cells were mostly associated with immune pathways (such as NF-κB, TNF-α or, IL-17), apoptosis and regulation of transcription, with a more limited effect exerted by C. parvum. Although the modulation observed in the co-infection was apparently dominated by the virus, over 800 DEGs were uniquely expressed in co-exposed cells at 72 hpi. Our findings provide insights on possible biomarkers associated with co-infection, which could be further explored using in vivo models.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-49488-1 |
| spellingShingle | Alejandro Jiménez-Meléndez Ruchika Shakya Turhan Markussen Lucy J. Robertson Mette Myrmel Shokouh Makvandi-Nejad Gene expression profile of HCT-8 cells following single or co-infections with Cryptosporidium parvum and bovine coronavirus Scientific Reports |
| title | Gene expression profile of HCT-8 cells following single or co-infections with Cryptosporidium parvum and bovine coronavirus |
| title_full | Gene expression profile of HCT-8 cells following single or co-infections with Cryptosporidium parvum and bovine coronavirus |
| title_fullStr | Gene expression profile of HCT-8 cells following single or co-infections with Cryptosporidium parvum and bovine coronavirus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gene expression profile of HCT-8 cells following single or co-infections with Cryptosporidium parvum and bovine coronavirus |
| title_short | Gene expression profile of HCT-8 cells following single or co-infections with Cryptosporidium parvum and bovine coronavirus |
| title_sort | gene expression profile of hct 8 cells following single or co infections with cryptosporidium parvum and bovine coronavirus |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-49488-1 |
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