The effect of irrigation on malaria vector bionomics and transmission intensity in western Ethiopia
Abstract Background Irrigation schemes may result in subsequent changes in malaria disease dynamics. Understanding the mechanisms and effects of irrigation on malaria vector bionomics and transmission intensity is essential to develop new or alternative surveillance and control strategies to reduce...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Parasites & Vectors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04993-y |
| _version_ | 1818719034101727232 |
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| author | Werissaw Haileselassie Endalew Zemene Ming-Chieh Lee Daibin Zhong Guofa Zhou Behailu Taye Alemayehu Dagne Wakgari Deressa James W. Kazura Guiyun Yan Delenasaw Yewhalaw |
| author_facet | Werissaw Haileselassie Endalew Zemene Ming-Chieh Lee Daibin Zhong Guofa Zhou Behailu Taye Alemayehu Dagne Wakgari Deressa James W. Kazura Guiyun Yan Delenasaw Yewhalaw |
| author_sort | Werissaw Haileselassie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Irrigation schemes may result in subsequent changes in malaria disease dynamics. Understanding the mechanisms and effects of irrigation on malaria vector bionomics and transmission intensity is essential to develop new or alternative surveillance and control strategies to reduce or control malaria risk. This study was designed to assess the effect of rice irrigation on malaria vector bionomics and transmission intensity in the Gambella Region, Ethiopia. Methods Comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in Abobo District of the Gambella Region, Ethiopia. Accordingly, clusters (kebeles) were classified into nearby and faraway clusters depending on their proximity to the irrigation scheme. Adult mosquito survey was conducted in February, August and November 2018 from three nearby and three faraway clusters using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light traps (LTs). During the November survey, human landing catch (HLC) and pyrethrum spray catch (PSC) were also conducted. The collected mosquitoes were morphologically identified to species and tested for Plasmodium infection using circumsporozoite protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CSP-ELISA). Furthermore, species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to identify member species of the Anopheles gambiae complex. Chi-square and t-tests were used to analyze the data using the SPSS version 20 software package. Results A total of 4319 female anopheline mosquitoes comprising An. gambiae sensu lato, An. funestus group, An. pharoensis, An. coustani complex and An. squamosus were collected. Overall, 84.5% and 15.5% of the anopheline mosquitoes were collected from the nearby and faraway clusters, respectively. Anopheles gambiae s.l. was the predominant (56.2%) anopheline species in the area followed by An. pharoensis (15.7%). The density of anopheline mosquitoes was significantly higher in the nearby clusters in both HLCs [t (3) = 5.14, P = 0.0143] and CDC LT catches [t (271.97) = 7.446, P < 0.0001). The overall sporozoite rate of anopheline species from the nearby clusters was 10-fold higher compared to the faraway clusters. Conclusions Significantly higher mosquito population density was observed in areas close to the irrigation sites. Sporozoite infection rate in the mosquito population was also markedly higher from the nearby clusters. Therefore, the irrigation scheme could increase the risk of malaria in the area. Graphical abstract |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T20:00:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-01ed9a8f295b400282dd163fc4313881 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1756-3305 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T20:00:31Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | Parasites & Vectors |
| spelling | doaj.art-01ed9a8f295b400282dd163fc43138812022-12-21T21:34:28ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052021-10-0114111110.1186/s13071-021-04993-yThe effect of irrigation on malaria vector bionomics and transmission intensity in western EthiopiaWerissaw Haileselassie0Endalew Zemene1Ming-Chieh Lee2Daibin Zhong3Guofa Zhou4Behailu Taye5Alemayehu Dagne6Wakgari Deressa7James W. Kazura8Guiyun Yan9Delenasaw Yewhalaw10School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa UniversitySchool of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma UniversityProgram in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at IrvineProgram in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at IrvineProgram in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at IrvineDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Computational Science, Mettu UniversityDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Computational Science, Mettu UniversitySchool of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa UniversityCenter for Global Health and Disease, Case Western Reserve UniversityProgram in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at IrvineSchool of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma UniversityAbstract Background Irrigation schemes may result in subsequent changes in malaria disease dynamics. Understanding the mechanisms and effects of irrigation on malaria vector bionomics and transmission intensity is essential to develop new or alternative surveillance and control strategies to reduce or control malaria risk. This study was designed to assess the effect of rice irrigation on malaria vector bionomics and transmission intensity in the Gambella Region, Ethiopia. Methods Comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in Abobo District of the Gambella Region, Ethiopia. Accordingly, clusters (kebeles) were classified into nearby and faraway clusters depending on their proximity to the irrigation scheme. Adult mosquito survey was conducted in February, August and November 2018 from three nearby and three faraway clusters using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light traps (LTs). During the November survey, human landing catch (HLC) and pyrethrum spray catch (PSC) were also conducted. The collected mosquitoes were morphologically identified to species and tested for Plasmodium infection using circumsporozoite protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CSP-ELISA). Furthermore, species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to identify member species of the Anopheles gambiae complex. Chi-square and t-tests were used to analyze the data using the SPSS version 20 software package. Results A total of 4319 female anopheline mosquitoes comprising An. gambiae sensu lato, An. funestus group, An. pharoensis, An. coustani complex and An. squamosus were collected. Overall, 84.5% and 15.5% of the anopheline mosquitoes were collected from the nearby and faraway clusters, respectively. Anopheles gambiae s.l. was the predominant (56.2%) anopheline species in the area followed by An. pharoensis (15.7%). The density of anopheline mosquitoes was significantly higher in the nearby clusters in both HLCs [t (3) = 5.14, P = 0.0143] and CDC LT catches [t (271.97) = 7.446, P < 0.0001). The overall sporozoite rate of anopheline species from the nearby clusters was 10-fold higher compared to the faraway clusters. Conclusions Significantly higher mosquito population density was observed in areas close to the irrigation sites. Sporozoite infection rate in the mosquito population was also markedly higher from the nearby clusters. Therefore, the irrigation scheme could increase the risk of malaria in the area. Graphical abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04993-yMosquito vectorsMalariaTransmission intensityIrrigationEthiopia |
| spellingShingle | Werissaw Haileselassie Endalew Zemene Ming-Chieh Lee Daibin Zhong Guofa Zhou Behailu Taye Alemayehu Dagne Wakgari Deressa James W. Kazura Guiyun Yan Delenasaw Yewhalaw The effect of irrigation on malaria vector bionomics and transmission intensity in western Ethiopia Parasites & Vectors Mosquito vectors Malaria Transmission intensity Irrigation Ethiopia |
| title | The effect of irrigation on malaria vector bionomics and transmission intensity in western Ethiopia |
| title_full | The effect of irrigation on malaria vector bionomics and transmission intensity in western Ethiopia |
| title_fullStr | The effect of irrigation on malaria vector bionomics and transmission intensity in western Ethiopia |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effect of irrigation on malaria vector bionomics and transmission intensity in western Ethiopia |
| title_short | The effect of irrigation on malaria vector bionomics and transmission intensity in western Ethiopia |
| title_sort | effect of irrigation on malaria vector bionomics and transmission intensity in western ethiopia |
| topic | Mosquito vectors Malaria Transmission intensity Irrigation Ethiopia |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04993-y |
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