Optimization of the extraction process of high levels of chlorogenic acid and ginsenosides from short-term hydroponic-cultured ginseng and evaluation of the extract for the prevention of atopic dermatitis
Background: Short-term hydroponic-cultured ginseng (sHCG), which is 1-year-old ginseng seedlings cultivated for 4 weeks in a hydroponic system, is a functional food item with several biological effects. However, the optimal extraction conditions for sHCG, and the bioactivity of its extracts, have no...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Ginseng Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226845321001597 |
| _version_ | 1811306289626611712 |
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| author | Tae Kyung Lee Ji Yun Lee Yeon-Jin Cho Jong-Eun Kim Seo Yeong Kim Jung Han Yoon Park Hee Yang Ki Won Lee |
| author_facet | Tae Kyung Lee Ji Yun Lee Yeon-Jin Cho Jong-Eun Kim Seo Yeong Kim Jung Han Yoon Park Hee Yang Ki Won Lee |
| author_sort | Tae Kyung Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Short-term hydroponic-cultured ginseng (sHCG), which is 1-year-old ginseng seedlings cultivated for 4 weeks in a hydroponic system, is a functional food item with several biological effects. However, the optimal extraction conditions for sHCG, and the bioactivity of its extracts, have not been evaluated. Methods: Chlorogenic acid (CGA) and ginsenoside contents were evaluated in sHCG, white ginseng (WG), and red ginseng (RG) using high-performance liquid chromatography. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction conditions (temperature and ethanol concentration) to maximize the yield of dry matter, CGA, and four ginsenosides (Re, Rg1, Rb1, and Rd) from sHCG. The optimal extraction conditions were applied to pilot-scale production of sHCG extracts. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/interferon (IFN)-γ-induced thymic and activation-regulated chemokines (TARC/CCL17) were measured after treatment with sHCG, WG, and RG extracts, and the effects of their bioactive compounds (CGA and four ginsenosides) on human skin keratinocytes (HaCaTs) were evaluated. Results: CGA and four ginsenosides, which are bioactive compounds of sHCG, significantly inhibited TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced TARC/CCL17 expression. The optimal sHCG extraction conditions predicted by the RSM models were 80 °C and 60% ethanol (v/v). The sHCG extracts produced at the pilot scale under optimal conditions greatly alleviated TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced TARC/CCL17 production compared with WG and RG extracts. Conclusions: Pesticide-free sHCG extracts, which contain high levels of CGA and the ginsenosides Re, Rg1, Rb1, and Rd as bioactive compounds, may have therapeutic potential for atopic diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T08:42:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-01ede19b5d89412aa4a313fe9282455c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1226-8453 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T08:42:52Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Ginseng Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-01ede19b5d89412aa4a313fe9282455c2022-12-22T02:53:50ZengElsevierJournal of Ginseng Research1226-84532022-05-01463367375Optimization of the extraction process of high levels of chlorogenic acid and ginsenosides from short-term hydroponic-cultured ginseng and evaluation of the extract for the prevention of atopic dermatitisTae Kyung Lee0Ji Yun Lee1Yeon-Jin Cho2Jong-Eun Kim3Seo Yeong Kim4Jung Han Yoon Park5Hee Yang6Ki Won Lee7Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaBio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong, Republic of KoreaAdvanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of KoreaBio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Corresponding author. Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Corresponding author.Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.Background: Short-term hydroponic-cultured ginseng (sHCG), which is 1-year-old ginseng seedlings cultivated for 4 weeks in a hydroponic system, is a functional food item with several biological effects. However, the optimal extraction conditions for sHCG, and the bioactivity of its extracts, have not been evaluated. Methods: Chlorogenic acid (CGA) and ginsenoside contents were evaluated in sHCG, white ginseng (WG), and red ginseng (RG) using high-performance liquid chromatography. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction conditions (temperature and ethanol concentration) to maximize the yield of dry matter, CGA, and four ginsenosides (Re, Rg1, Rb1, and Rd) from sHCG. The optimal extraction conditions were applied to pilot-scale production of sHCG extracts. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/interferon (IFN)-γ-induced thymic and activation-regulated chemokines (TARC/CCL17) were measured after treatment with sHCG, WG, and RG extracts, and the effects of their bioactive compounds (CGA and four ginsenosides) on human skin keratinocytes (HaCaTs) were evaluated. Results: CGA and four ginsenosides, which are bioactive compounds of sHCG, significantly inhibited TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced TARC/CCL17 expression. The optimal sHCG extraction conditions predicted by the RSM models were 80 °C and 60% ethanol (v/v). The sHCG extracts produced at the pilot scale under optimal conditions greatly alleviated TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced TARC/CCL17 production compared with WG and RG extracts. Conclusions: Pesticide-free sHCG extracts, which contain high levels of CGA and the ginsenosides Re, Rg1, Rb1, and Rd as bioactive compounds, may have therapeutic potential for atopic diseases.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226845321001597Atopic dermatitisChlorogenic acidGinsenosideHydroponic-cultured ginsengExtraction |
| spellingShingle | Tae Kyung Lee Ji Yun Lee Yeon-Jin Cho Jong-Eun Kim Seo Yeong Kim Jung Han Yoon Park Hee Yang Ki Won Lee Optimization of the extraction process of high levels of chlorogenic acid and ginsenosides from short-term hydroponic-cultured ginseng and evaluation of the extract for the prevention of atopic dermatitis Journal of Ginseng Research Atopic dermatitis Chlorogenic acid Ginsenoside Hydroponic-cultured ginseng Extraction |
| title | Optimization of the extraction process of high levels of chlorogenic acid and ginsenosides from short-term hydroponic-cultured ginseng and evaluation of the extract for the prevention of atopic dermatitis |
| title_full | Optimization of the extraction process of high levels of chlorogenic acid and ginsenosides from short-term hydroponic-cultured ginseng and evaluation of the extract for the prevention of atopic dermatitis |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of the extraction process of high levels of chlorogenic acid and ginsenosides from short-term hydroponic-cultured ginseng and evaluation of the extract for the prevention of atopic dermatitis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of the extraction process of high levels of chlorogenic acid and ginsenosides from short-term hydroponic-cultured ginseng and evaluation of the extract for the prevention of atopic dermatitis |
| title_short | Optimization of the extraction process of high levels of chlorogenic acid and ginsenosides from short-term hydroponic-cultured ginseng and evaluation of the extract for the prevention of atopic dermatitis |
| title_sort | optimization of the extraction process of high levels of chlorogenic acid and ginsenosides from short term hydroponic cultured ginseng and evaluation of the extract for the prevention of atopic dermatitis |
| topic | Atopic dermatitis Chlorogenic acid Ginsenoside Hydroponic-cultured ginseng Extraction |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226845321001597 |
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