Regulation of the fear network by mediators of stress: Norepinephrine alters the balance between Cortical and Subcortical afferent excitation of the Lateral Amygdala
Pavlovian auditory fear conditioning crucially involves the integration of information about and acoustic conditioned stimulus (CS) and an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US) in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA). The auditory CS reaches the LA subcortically via a direct connection from the...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2011-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnbeh.2011.00023/full |
| _version_ | 1818618061343686656 |
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| author | Luke R Johnson Mian Hou Eric M Prager Joseph LeDoux |
| author_facet | Luke R Johnson Mian Hou Eric M Prager Joseph LeDoux |
| author_sort | Luke R Johnson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pavlovian auditory fear conditioning crucially involves the integration of information about and acoustic conditioned stimulus (CS) and an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US) in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA). The auditory CS reaches the LA subcortically via a direct connection from the auditory thalamus and also from the auditory association cortex itself. How neural modulators, especially those activated during stress, such as norepinephrine (NE), regulate synaptic transmission and plasticity in this network is poorly understood. Here we show that NE inhibits synaptic transmission in both the subcortical and cortical input pathway but that sensory processing is biased towards the subcortical pathway. In addition binding of NE to β-adrenergic receptors further dissociates sensory processing in the LA. These findings suggest a network mechanism that shifts sensory balance towards the faster but more primitive subcortical input. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T17:15:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-020c019b77db452caf38cfa72ce12266 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5153 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T17:15:36Z |
| publishDate | 2011-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-020c019b77db452caf38cfa72ce122662022-12-21T22:23:17ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience1662-51532011-05-01510.3389/fnbeh.2011.000231981Regulation of the fear network by mediators of stress: Norepinephrine alters the balance between Cortical and Subcortical afferent excitation of the Lateral AmygdalaLuke R Johnson0Mian Hou1Eric M Prager2Joseph LeDoux3Uniformed Services UniversityNew York University Uniformed Services UniversityNew York University Pavlovian auditory fear conditioning crucially involves the integration of information about and acoustic conditioned stimulus (CS) and an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US) in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA). The auditory CS reaches the LA subcortically via a direct connection from the auditory thalamus and also from the auditory association cortex itself. How neural modulators, especially those activated during stress, such as norepinephrine (NE), regulate synaptic transmission and plasticity in this network is poorly understood. Here we show that NE inhibits synaptic transmission in both the subcortical and cortical input pathway but that sensory processing is biased towards the subcortical pathway. In addition binding of NE to β-adrenergic receptors further dissociates sensory processing in the LA. These findings suggest a network mechanism that shifts sensory balance towards the faster but more primitive subcortical input.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnbeh.2011.00023/fullFearThalamusstressPTSDExpressionHigh Road Low Road Amygdala |
| spellingShingle | Luke R Johnson Mian Hou Eric M Prager Joseph LeDoux Regulation of the fear network by mediators of stress: Norepinephrine alters the balance between Cortical and Subcortical afferent excitation of the Lateral Amygdala Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience Fear Thalamus stress PTSD Expression High Road Low Road Amygdala |
| title | Regulation of the fear network by mediators of stress: Norepinephrine alters the balance between Cortical and Subcortical afferent excitation of the Lateral Amygdala |
| title_full | Regulation of the fear network by mediators of stress: Norepinephrine alters the balance between Cortical and Subcortical afferent excitation of the Lateral Amygdala |
| title_fullStr | Regulation of the fear network by mediators of stress: Norepinephrine alters the balance between Cortical and Subcortical afferent excitation of the Lateral Amygdala |
| title_full_unstemmed | Regulation of the fear network by mediators of stress: Norepinephrine alters the balance between Cortical and Subcortical afferent excitation of the Lateral Amygdala |
| title_short | Regulation of the fear network by mediators of stress: Norepinephrine alters the balance between Cortical and Subcortical afferent excitation of the Lateral Amygdala |
| title_sort | regulation of the fear network by mediators of stress norepinephrine alters the balance between cortical and subcortical afferent excitation of the lateral amygdala |
| topic | Fear Thalamus stress PTSD Expression High Road Low Road Amygdala |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnbeh.2011.00023/full |
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