Determination of acute median lethal concentration and sublethal effects on AChE activity of Gymnotus carapo (Teleostei: Gymnotidae) exposed to trichlorfon
Trichlorfon (TRF) is a pesticide widely used in aquaculture to control fish ectoparasites. This pesticide is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, an essential enzyme for termination of nerve impulses. High rates of TRF use generate risks to the environment and human health. In the environment, pest...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Universidade de São Paulo
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science |
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| Online Access: | http://www.revistas.usp.br/bjvras/article/view/169354 |
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| author | Giovanni Henrique Ferri Israel Luz Cardoso Juliana Augusta Gil Claudio Martin Jonsson Francisco Tadeu Rantin Márcia Mayumi Ishikawa |
| author_facet | Giovanni Henrique Ferri Israel Luz Cardoso Juliana Augusta Gil Claudio Martin Jonsson Francisco Tadeu Rantin Márcia Mayumi Ishikawa |
| author_sort | Giovanni Henrique Ferri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Trichlorfon (TRF) is a pesticide widely used in aquaculture to control fish ectoparasites. This pesticide is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, an essential enzyme for termination of nerve impulses. High rates of TRF use generate risks to the environment and human health. In the environment, pesticides can affect the local fauna and generate an ecological breakdown. There are several studies performed with fish production; however, gaps are created for native fish with other commercial values. The tuvira (Gymnotus carapo) is a fish native to Brazilian fauna and has great commercial importance in sport fishing. The present study aimed to determine the lethal concentration of trichlorfon (Masoten) in Gymnotus carapo and its sublethal effects on the enzyme AChE. In this study, the acute toxicity (the concentrations to kill 50% of the fish LC50) of TRF in tuviras (Gymnotus carapo) and acetylcholinesterase inhibition in liver and muscle tissue of tuviras submitted to sublethal concentrations were evaluated. For the acute assay, concentrations of 0.0, 5.0, 7.5, 15, 22.5, 30, 37.5 and 45 mg L-1 were used for a period of 96 h. After the acute exposure period, a LC50 of 6.38 mg L-1 was determined. In the sublethal assay, concentrations of 0.0, 0.238, 0.438 and 0.638 mg L-1 were used, based on 10% of the LC50, over a period of 14 days. Two collections were performed: one at seven days and the other at the end (day 14). Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase in the liver was only shown (p < 0.05) for the treatment with 0.638 mg L-1 after 14 days of exposure. At seven days, muscle activity showed a significant difference only for the treatments 0.438 and 0.638 mg L-1, compared with the treatment 0.238 mg L-1 and control. At 14 days of exposure, only the treatment 0.638 mg L-1 showed significant differences in relation to the other groups, thus showing that enzyme recovery had occurred. The value found in the acute test allowed the conclusion that TRF presents moderately toxic characteristics to Gymnotus carapo. The toxicity parameter values calculated in the present study assisted in estimation of maximum allowable limits in bodies of water when combined with test data from other non-target organisms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T11:43:32Z |
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| issn | 1413-9596 1678-4456 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T11:43:32Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
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| series | Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-020eb7dd86a541ca9999a30eb5eabd032022-12-21T21:09:20ZengUniversidade de São PauloBrazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science1413-95961678-44562020-09-0157310.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2020.169354Determination of acute median lethal concentration and sublethal effects on AChE activity of Gymnotus carapo (Teleostei: Gymnotidae) exposed to trichlorfonGiovanni Henrique Ferri0Israel Luz Cardoso1Juliana Augusta Gil2Claudio Martin Jonsson3Francisco Tadeu Rantin4Márcia Mayumi Ishikawa5Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia AnimalUniversidade Federal de São Carlos, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências FisiológicasUniversidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia AnimalEmbrapa Meio AmbienteUniversidade Federal de São Carlos, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências FisiológicasUniversidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal ; Embrapa Meio AmbienteTrichlorfon (TRF) is a pesticide widely used in aquaculture to control fish ectoparasites. This pesticide is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, an essential enzyme for termination of nerve impulses. High rates of TRF use generate risks to the environment and human health. In the environment, pesticides can affect the local fauna and generate an ecological breakdown. There are several studies performed with fish production; however, gaps are created for native fish with other commercial values. The tuvira (Gymnotus carapo) is a fish native to Brazilian fauna and has great commercial importance in sport fishing. The present study aimed to determine the lethal concentration of trichlorfon (Masoten) in Gymnotus carapo and its sublethal effects on the enzyme AChE. In this study, the acute toxicity (the concentrations to kill 50% of the fish LC50) of TRF in tuviras (Gymnotus carapo) and acetylcholinesterase inhibition in liver and muscle tissue of tuviras submitted to sublethal concentrations were evaluated. For the acute assay, concentrations of 0.0, 5.0, 7.5, 15, 22.5, 30, 37.5 and 45 mg L-1 were used for a period of 96 h. After the acute exposure period, a LC50 of 6.38 mg L-1 was determined. In the sublethal assay, concentrations of 0.0, 0.238, 0.438 and 0.638 mg L-1 were used, based on 10% of the LC50, over a period of 14 days. Two collections were performed: one at seven days and the other at the end (day 14). Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase in the liver was only shown (p < 0.05) for the treatment with 0.638 mg L-1 after 14 days of exposure. At seven days, muscle activity showed a significant difference only for the treatments 0.438 and 0.638 mg L-1, compared with the treatment 0.238 mg L-1 and control. At 14 days of exposure, only the treatment 0.638 mg L-1 showed significant differences in relation to the other groups, thus showing that enzyme recovery had occurred. The value found in the acute test allowed the conclusion that TRF presents moderately toxic characteristics to Gymnotus carapo. The toxicity parameter values calculated in the present study assisted in estimation of maximum allowable limits in bodies of water when combined with test data from other non-target organisms.http://www.revistas.usp.br/bjvras/article/view/169354OrganophosphateEnvironmentNon-target organismsBiomarkersTuviras |
| spellingShingle | Giovanni Henrique Ferri Israel Luz Cardoso Juliana Augusta Gil Claudio Martin Jonsson Francisco Tadeu Rantin Márcia Mayumi Ishikawa Determination of acute median lethal concentration and sublethal effects on AChE activity of Gymnotus carapo (Teleostei: Gymnotidae) exposed to trichlorfon Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science Organophosphate Environment Non-target organisms Biomarkers Tuviras |
| title | Determination of acute median lethal concentration and sublethal effects on AChE activity of Gymnotus carapo (Teleostei: Gymnotidae) exposed to trichlorfon |
| title_full | Determination of acute median lethal concentration and sublethal effects on AChE activity of Gymnotus carapo (Teleostei: Gymnotidae) exposed to trichlorfon |
| title_fullStr | Determination of acute median lethal concentration and sublethal effects on AChE activity of Gymnotus carapo (Teleostei: Gymnotidae) exposed to trichlorfon |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determination of acute median lethal concentration and sublethal effects on AChE activity of Gymnotus carapo (Teleostei: Gymnotidae) exposed to trichlorfon |
| title_short | Determination of acute median lethal concentration and sublethal effects on AChE activity of Gymnotus carapo (Teleostei: Gymnotidae) exposed to trichlorfon |
| title_sort | determination of acute median lethal concentration and sublethal effects on ache activity of gymnotus carapo teleostei gymnotidae exposed to trichlorfon |
| topic | Organophosphate Environment Non-target organisms Biomarkers Tuviras |
| url | http://www.revistas.usp.br/bjvras/article/view/169354 |
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