An environmental perspective on developing dual energy storage for electric vehicles—a case study exploring Al-ion vs. supercapacitors alongside Li-ion
Much focus of dual energy-storage systems (DESSs) for electric vehicles (EVs) has been on cost reduction and performance enhancement. While these are important in the development of better systems, the environmental impacts of system and component-level choices should not be overlooked. The current...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Energy Research |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2023.1266670/full |
| _version_ | 1797366703628222464 |
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| author | N. Melzack N. Melzack R. G. A. Wills A. J. Cruden |
| author_facet | N. Melzack N. Melzack R. G. A. Wills A. J. Cruden |
| author_sort | N. Melzack |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Much focus of dual energy-storage systems (DESSs) for electric vehicles (EVs) has been on cost reduction and performance enhancement. While these are important in the development of better systems, the environmental impacts of system and component-level choices should not be overlooked. The current interest in EVs is primarily motivated by environmental reasons such as climate change mitigation and reduction of fossil fuel use, so it is important to develop environmentally sound alternatives at the design stage. Assessing the environmental impact of developmental and mature chemistries provides valuable insights into the technologies that need to be selected now and which to develop for the future. This paper presents a cradle-to-gate (i.e., all raw material and production elements are considered; however, the “use” phase and recycling are not) lifecycle assessment of a DESS with Li-ion and aqueous Al-ion cells and that of one with Li-ion cells and supercapacitors. These are also compared to a full Li-ion EV battery in terms of their environmental impact for both a bus and car case study. Key findings show that the use of a DESS overall reduces the environmental impacts over the vehicle lifetime and provides an argument for further development of aqueous Al-ion cells for this application. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T17:07:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0211f42aa27746d69dcabe2ad657f0a7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-598X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T17:07:29Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Energy Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-0211f42aa27746d69dcabe2ad657f0a72024-01-04T04:27:28ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Energy Research2296-598X2024-01-011110.3389/fenrg.2023.12666701266670An environmental perspective on developing dual energy storage for electric vehicles—a case study exploring Al-ion vs. supercapacitors alongside Li-ionN. Melzack0N. Melzack1R. G. A. Wills2A. J. Cruden3Energy Technology Group, University of Southampton, Southampton, United KingdomThe Faraday Institution, Didcot, United KingdomEnergy Technology Group, University of Southampton, Southampton, United KingdomEnergy Technology Group, University of Southampton, Southampton, United KingdomMuch focus of dual energy-storage systems (DESSs) for electric vehicles (EVs) has been on cost reduction and performance enhancement. While these are important in the development of better systems, the environmental impacts of system and component-level choices should not be overlooked. The current interest in EVs is primarily motivated by environmental reasons such as climate change mitigation and reduction of fossil fuel use, so it is important to develop environmentally sound alternatives at the design stage. Assessing the environmental impact of developmental and mature chemistries provides valuable insights into the technologies that need to be selected now and which to develop for the future. This paper presents a cradle-to-gate (i.e., all raw material and production elements are considered; however, the “use” phase and recycling are not) lifecycle assessment of a DESS with Li-ion and aqueous Al-ion cells and that of one with Li-ion cells and supercapacitors. These are also compared to a full Li-ion EV battery in terms of their environmental impact for both a bus and car case study. Key findings show that the use of a DESS overall reduces the environmental impacts over the vehicle lifetime and provides an argument for further development of aqueous Al-ion cells for this application.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2023.1266670/fullaluminum-ionlifecycle assessmentenvironmental impact assessmenthybrid energy-storage systemdual energy-storage systemsupercapacitor |
| spellingShingle | N. Melzack N. Melzack R. G. A. Wills A. J. Cruden An environmental perspective on developing dual energy storage for electric vehicles—a case study exploring Al-ion vs. supercapacitors alongside Li-ion Frontiers in Energy Research aluminum-ion lifecycle assessment environmental impact assessment hybrid energy-storage system dual energy-storage system supercapacitor |
| title | An environmental perspective on developing dual energy storage for electric vehicles—a case study exploring Al-ion vs. supercapacitors alongside Li-ion |
| title_full | An environmental perspective on developing dual energy storage for electric vehicles—a case study exploring Al-ion vs. supercapacitors alongside Li-ion |
| title_fullStr | An environmental perspective on developing dual energy storage for electric vehicles—a case study exploring Al-ion vs. supercapacitors alongside Li-ion |
| title_full_unstemmed | An environmental perspective on developing dual energy storage for electric vehicles—a case study exploring Al-ion vs. supercapacitors alongside Li-ion |
| title_short | An environmental perspective on developing dual energy storage for electric vehicles—a case study exploring Al-ion vs. supercapacitors alongside Li-ion |
| title_sort | environmental perspective on developing dual energy storage for electric vehicles a case study exploring al ion vs supercapacitors alongside li ion |
| topic | aluminum-ion lifecycle assessment environmental impact assessment hybrid energy-storage system dual energy-storage system supercapacitor |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2023.1266670/full |
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