Artificial flowers as a tool for investigating multimodal flower choice in wild insects
Abstract Flowers come in a variety of colours, shapes, sizes and odours. Flowers also differ in the quality and quantity of nutritional reward they provide to entice potential pollinators to visit. Given this diversity, generalist flower‐visiting insects face the considerable challenge of deciding w...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Ecology and Evolution |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10687 |
| _version_ | 1827630887725957120 |
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| author | Kathryn M. Chapman Freya J. Richardson Caitlyn Y. Forster Eliza J. T. Middleton Thomas E. White Paul F. Burke Tanya Latty |
| author_facet | Kathryn M. Chapman Freya J. Richardson Caitlyn Y. Forster Eliza J. T. Middleton Thomas E. White Paul F. Burke Tanya Latty |
| author_sort | Kathryn M. Chapman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Flowers come in a variety of colours, shapes, sizes and odours. Flowers also differ in the quality and quantity of nutritional reward they provide to entice potential pollinators to visit. Given this diversity, generalist flower‐visiting insects face the considerable challenge of deciding which flowers to feed on and which to ignore. Working with real flowers poses logistical challenges due to correlations between flower traits, maintenance costs and uncontrolled variables. Here, we overcome this challenge by designing multimodal artificial flowers that varied in visual, olfactory and reward attributes. We used artificial flowers to investigate the impact of seven floral attributes (three visual cues, two olfactory cues and two rewarding attributes) on flower visitation and species richness. We investigated how flower attributes influenced two phases of the decision‐making process: the decision to land on a flower, and the decision to feed on a flower. Artificial flowers attracted 890 individual insects representing 15 morphospecies spanning seven arthropod orders. Honeybees were the most common visitors accounting for 46% of visitors. Higher visitation rates were driven by the presence of nectar, the presence of linalool, flower shape and flower colour and was negatively impacted by the presence of citral. Species richness was driven by the presence of nectar, the presence of linalool and flower colour. For hymenopterans, the probability of landing on the artificial flowers was influenced by the presence of nectar or pollen, shape and the presence of citral and/or linalool. The probability of feeding increased when flowers contained nectar. For dipterans, the probability of landing on artificial flowers increased when the flower was yellow and contained linalool. The probability of feeding increased when flowers contained pollen, nectar and linalool. Our results demonstrate the multi‐attribute nature of flower preferences and highlight the usefulness of artificial flowers as tools for studying flower visitation in wild insects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T14:13:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0215edccd3ff41919ae2a6f920d4d8bf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-7758 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T14:13:21Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecology and Evolution |
| spelling | doaj.art-0215edccd3ff41919ae2a6f920d4d8bf2023-11-29T05:44:08ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582023-11-011311n/an/a10.1002/ece3.10687Artificial flowers as a tool for investigating multimodal flower choice in wild insectsKathryn M. Chapman0Freya J. Richardson1Caitlyn Y. Forster2Eliza J. T. Middleton3Thomas E. White4Paul F. Burke5Tanya Latty6School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales AustraliaSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales AustraliaSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales AustraliaSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales AustraliaSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales AustraliaUTS Business School and Centre for Business Intelligence and Data Analytics University of Technology Sydney Sydney New South Wales AustraliaSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales AustraliaAbstract Flowers come in a variety of colours, shapes, sizes and odours. Flowers also differ in the quality and quantity of nutritional reward they provide to entice potential pollinators to visit. Given this diversity, generalist flower‐visiting insects face the considerable challenge of deciding which flowers to feed on and which to ignore. Working with real flowers poses logistical challenges due to correlations between flower traits, maintenance costs and uncontrolled variables. Here, we overcome this challenge by designing multimodal artificial flowers that varied in visual, olfactory and reward attributes. We used artificial flowers to investigate the impact of seven floral attributes (three visual cues, two olfactory cues and two rewarding attributes) on flower visitation and species richness. We investigated how flower attributes influenced two phases of the decision‐making process: the decision to land on a flower, and the decision to feed on a flower. Artificial flowers attracted 890 individual insects representing 15 morphospecies spanning seven arthropod orders. Honeybees were the most common visitors accounting for 46% of visitors. Higher visitation rates were driven by the presence of nectar, the presence of linalool, flower shape and flower colour and was negatively impacted by the presence of citral. Species richness was driven by the presence of nectar, the presence of linalool and flower colour. For hymenopterans, the probability of landing on the artificial flowers was influenced by the presence of nectar or pollen, shape and the presence of citral and/or linalool. The probability of feeding increased when flowers contained nectar. For dipterans, the probability of landing on artificial flowers increased when the flower was yellow and contained linalool. The probability of feeding increased when flowers contained pollen, nectar and linalool. Our results demonstrate the multi‐attribute nature of flower preferences and highlight the usefulness of artificial flowers as tools for studying flower visitation in wild insects.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10687dipteraflowerflower preferenceflower visitorshymenopteramultimodal choice |
| spellingShingle | Kathryn M. Chapman Freya J. Richardson Caitlyn Y. Forster Eliza J. T. Middleton Thomas E. White Paul F. Burke Tanya Latty Artificial flowers as a tool for investigating multimodal flower choice in wild insects Ecology and Evolution diptera flower flower preference flower visitors hymenoptera multimodal choice |
| title | Artificial flowers as a tool for investigating multimodal flower choice in wild insects |
| title_full | Artificial flowers as a tool for investigating multimodal flower choice in wild insects |
| title_fullStr | Artificial flowers as a tool for investigating multimodal flower choice in wild insects |
| title_full_unstemmed | Artificial flowers as a tool for investigating multimodal flower choice in wild insects |
| title_short | Artificial flowers as a tool for investigating multimodal flower choice in wild insects |
| title_sort | artificial flowers as a tool for investigating multimodal flower choice in wild insects |
| topic | diptera flower flower preference flower visitors hymenoptera multimodal choice |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10687 |
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