Convective–Microwave–IR Hybrid Drying of Kaolin Clay—Kinetics of Process
Kaolin clay is one of the essential components of utility and technical ceramic products. Drying is one of the stages of its production and is crucial for the quality of the obtained products. Due to the low energy efficiency of the dryers, it is also one of the most energy-intensive operations perf...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/13/7451 |
| _version_ | 1827735180437094400 |
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| author | Dominik Mierzwa Grzegorz Musielak |
| author_facet | Dominik Mierzwa Grzegorz Musielak |
| author_sort | Dominik Mierzwa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Kaolin clay is one of the essential components of utility and technical ceramic products. Drying is one of the stages of its production and is crucial for the quality of the obtained products. Due to the low energy efficiency of the dryers, it is also one of the most energy-intensive operations performed not only in the production of ceramics but in the industry as a whole. For this reason, modern drying techniques are sought. They are required to be energy efficient, sustainable and produce high-quality products. An example is the so-called hybrid drying, which combines several drying techniques (energy sources) into one process. The aim of this work was to determine the impact of microwave and infrared radiation on the kinetics and energy consumption of convective drying of kaolin clay and the quality of the products. The interaction of convective, microwave and infrared drying was investigated. Drying times, energy consumption and visual quality were compared for the tested processes. The fastest process was convection–microwave drying, where a reduction in drying time of 70% and energy consumption of 50% was observed. Unfortunately, intensive drying had a negative impact on the quality of the products (numerous cracks on the side surface). The best drying methods are those that use all energy sources simultaneously and periodically. Hybrid processes that use all energy sources in a periodic manner had the greatest efficiency. The drying time in these programs was shortened in relation solely to the convection process by 45 to 50% while reducing energy consumption by 3–18%. The product had the best quality. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:47:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-021ac9472ef64fe09e481bfa4060c53b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:47:41Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-021ac9472ef64fe09e481bfa4060c53b2023-11-18T16:06:38ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-06-011313745110.3390/app13137451Convective–Microwave–IR Hybrid Drying of Kaolin Clay—Kinetics of ProcessDominik Mierzwa0Grzegorz Musielak1Division of Process Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, PolandDivision of Process Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, PolandKaolin clay is one of the essential components of utility and technical ceramic products. Drying is one of the stages of its production and is crucial for the quality of the obtained products. Due to the low energy efficiency of the dryers, it is also one of the most energy-intensive operations performed not only in the production of ceramics but in the industry as a whole. For this reason, modern drying techniques are sought. They are required to be energy efficient, sustainable and produce high-quality products. An example is the so-called hybrid drying, which combines several drying techniques (energy sources) into one process. The aim of this work was to determine the impact of microwave and infrared radiation on the kinetics and energy consumption of convective drying of kaolin clay and the quality of the products. The interaction of convective, microwave and infrared drying was investigated. Drying times, energy consumption and visual quality were compared for the tested processes. The fastest process was convection–microwave drying, where a reduction in drying time of 70% and energy consumption of 50% was observed. Unfortunately, intensive drying had a negative impact on the quality of the products (numerous cracks on the side surface). The best drying methods are those that use all energy sources simultaneously and periodically. Hybrid processes that use all energy sources in a periodic manner had the greatest efficiency. The drying time in these programs was shortened in relation solely to the convection process by 45 to 50% while reducing energy consumption by 3–18%. The product had the best quality.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/13/7451hybrid dryingconvective dryingmicrowave dryinginfrared dryingkaolinexperiments |
| spellingShingle | Dominik Mierzwa Grzegorz Musielak Convective–Microwave–IR Hybrid Drying of Kaolin Clay—Kinetics of Process Applied Sciences hybrid drying convective drying microwave drying infrared drying kaolin experiments |
| title | Convective–Microwave–IR Hybrid Drying of Kaolin Clay—Kinetics of Process |
| title_full | Convective–Microwave–IR Hybrid Drying of Kaolin Clay—Kinetics of Process |
| title_fullStr | Convective–Microwave–IR Hybrid Drying of Kaolin Clay—Kinetics of Process |
| title_full_unstemmed | Convective–Microwave–IR Hybrid Drying of Kaolin Clay—Kinetics of Process |
| title_short | Convective–Microwave–IR Hybrid Drying of Kaolin Clay—Kinetics of Process |
| title_sort | convective microwave ir hybrid drying of kaolin clay kinetics of process |
| topic | hybrid drying convective drying microwave drying infrared drying kaolin experiments |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/13/7451 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dominikmierzwa convectivemicrowaveirhybriddryingofkaolinclaykineticsofprocess AT grzegorzmusielak convectivemicrowaveirhybriddryingofkaolinclaykineticsofprocess |