A new open-source viscoelastic solid earth deformation module implemented in Elmer (v8.4)
<p>We present a new, open-source viscoelastic solid earth deformation model, Elmer/Earth. Using the multi-physics finite-element package Elmer, a model to compute viscoelastic material deformation has been implemented into the existing linear elasticity solver routine. Unlike approaches ofte...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Geoscientific Model Development |
| Online Access: | https://www.geosci-model-dev.net/13/1155/2020/gmd-13-1155-2020.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818500736732889088 |
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| author | T. Zwinger G. A. Nield G. A. Nield J. Ruokolainen M. A. King |
| author_facet | T. Zwinger G. A. Nield G. A. Nield J. Ruokolainen M. A. King |
| author_sort | T. Zwinger |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>We present a new, open-source viscoelastic solid earth deformation model, Elmer/Earth. Using the multi-physics finite-element package Elmer, a model to compute viscoelastic material deformation has been implemented into the existing linear elasticity solver routine. Unlike approaches often implemented in engineering codes, our solver accounts for the restoring force of buoyancy within a system of layers with depth-varying density. It does this by directly integrating the solution of the system rather than by applying stress-jump conditions in the form of Winkler foundations on inter-layer boundaries, as is usually needed when solving the minimization problem given by the stress divergence in commercial codes.
We benchmarked the new model with results from a commercial finite-element engineering package (ABAQUS, v2018) and another open-source code that uses viscoelastic normal mode theory, TABOO, using a flat-earth setup loaded by a cylindrical disc of 100 <span class="inline-formula">km</span> in diameter and 100 <span class="inline-formula">m</span> in height at the density of ice. Evaluating the differences in predicted surface deformation at the centre of the load and two distinctive distances (100 and 200 <span class="inline-formula">km</span>), average deviations of 7 and 2.7 <span class="inline-formula">cm</span> of Elmer/Earth results to ABAQUS and TABOO, respectively, were observed. In view of more than 100 <span class="inline-formula">cm</span> maximum vertical deformation and the different numerical methods and parameters, these are very encouraging results.
Elmer is set up as a highly scalable parallel code and distributed under the (L)GPL license, meaning that large-scale computations can be made without any licensing restrictions. Scaling figures presented in this paper show good parallel performance of the new model. Additionally, the high-fidelity ice-sheet code Elmer/Ice utilizes the same source base as Elmer and thereby the new model opens the way to undertaking high-resolution coupled ice-flow–solid-earth deformation simulations, which are required for robust projections of future sea-level rise and glacial isostatic adjustment.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T20:46:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-023a26bad2ff4370b41d15fc344b04fb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1991-959X 1991-9603 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T20:46:45Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Geoscientific Model Development |
| spelling | doaj.art-023a26bad2ff4370b41d15fc344b04fb2022-12-22T01:34:12ZengCopernicus PublicationsGeoscientific Model Development1991-959X1991-96032020-03-01131155116410.5194/gmd-13-1155-2020A new open-source viscoelastic solid earth deformation module implemented in Elmer (v8.4)T. Zwinger0G. A. Nield1G. A. Nield2J. Ruokolainen3M. A. King4CSC–IT Center for Science Ltd., Espoo, FinlandSurveying and Spatial Sciences, School of Technology, Environments and Design, University of Tasmania, Hobart, AustraliaDepartment of Geography, Durham University, Durham, UKCSC–IT Center for Science Ltd., Espoo, FinlandSurveying and Spatial Sciences, School of Technology, Environments and Design, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia<p>We present a new, open-source viscoelastic solid earth deformation model, Elmer/Earth. Using the multi-physics finite-element package Elmer, a model to compute viscoelastic material deformation has been implemented into the existing linear elasticity solver routine. Unlike approaches often implemented in engineering codes, our solver accounts for the restoring force of buoyancy within a system of layers with depth-varying density. It does this by directly integrating the solution of the system rather than by applying stress-jump conditions in the form of Winkler foundations on inter-layer boundaries, as is usually needed when solving the minimization problem given by the stress divergence in commercial codes. We benchmarked the new model with results from a commercial finite-element engineering package (ABAQUS, v2018) and another open-source code that uses viscoelastic normal mode theory, TABOO, using a flat-earth setup loaded by a cylindrical disc of 100 <span class="inline-formula">km</span> in diameter and 100 <span class="inline-formula">m</span> in height at the density of ice. Evaluating the differences in predicted surface deformation at the centre of the load and two distinctive distances (100 and 200 <span class="inline-formula">km</span>), average deviations of 7 and 2.7 <span class="inline-formula">cm</span> of Elmer/Earth results to ABAQUS and TABOO, respectively, were observed. In view of more than 100 <span class="inline-formula">cm</span> maximum vertical deformation and the different numerical methods and parameters, these are very encouraging results. Elmer is set up as a highly scalable parallel code and distributed under the (L)GPL license, meaning that large-scale computations can be made without any licensing restrictions. Scaling figures presented in this paper show good parallel performance of the new model. Additionally, the high-fidelity ice-sheet code Elmer/Ice utilizes the same source base as Elmer and thereby the new model opens the way to undertaking high-resolution coupled ice-flow–solid-earth deformation simulations, which are required for robust projections of future sea-level rise and glacial isostatic adjustment.</p>https://www.geosci-model-dev.net/13/1155/2020/gmd-13-1155-2020.pdf |
| spellingShingle | T. Zwinger G. A. Nield G. A. Nield J. Ruokolainen M. A. King A new open-source viscoelastic solid earth deformation module implemented in Elmer (v8.4) Geoscientific Model Development |
| title | A new open-source viscoelastic solid earth deformation module implemented in Elmer (v8.4) |
| title_full | A new open-source viscoelastic solid earth deformation module implemented in Elmer (v8.4) |
| title_fullStr | A new open-source viscoelastic solid earth deformation module implemented in Elmer (v8.4) |
| title_full_unstemmed | A new open-source viscoelastic solid earth deformation module implemented in Elmer (v8.4) |
| title_short | A new open-source viscoelastic solid earth deformation module implemented in Elmer (v8.4) |
| title_sort | new open source viscoelastic solid earth deformation module implemented in elmer v8 4 |
| url | https://www.geosci-model-dev.net/13/1155/2020/gmd-13-1155-2020.pdf |
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