Characterization and Toxicity of Crude Toxins Produced by <i>Cordyceps fumosorosea</i> against <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> (Gennadius) and <i>Aphis craccivora</i> (Koch)
<i>Cordyceps fumosorosea</i>, an insect pathogenic fungus, produces different toxins/secondary metabolites which can act as pest control agents. This study reports the extraction and characterization of crude mycelial extracts of <i>C. fumosorosea</i> isolate SP502 along with...
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/3/220 |
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| author | Jianhui Wu Bo Yang Jing Xu Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson Shaukat Ali |
| author_facet | Jianhui Wu Bo Yang Jing Xu Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson Shaukat Ali |
| author_sort | Jianhui Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Cordyceps fumosorosea</i>, an insect pathogenic fungus, produces different toxins/secondary metabolites which can act as pest control agents. This study reports the extraction and characterization of crude mycelial extracts of <i>C. fumosorosea</i> isolate SP502 along with their bio-efficacy against <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> and <i>Aphis craccivora</i>. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, liquid chromatography, mass spectrometery and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of <i>C. fumosorosea</i> isolate SP502 extracts showed the presence of five major compounds—Trichodermin, 5-Methylmellein, Brevianamide F, Enniatin and Beauvericin—which all may potentially be involved in insecticidal activity. The HPLC analysis of <i>C. fumosorosea</i> mycelial extracts and Beauvericin standard showed similar chromatographic peaks, with the content of Beauvericin in the crude toxin being calculated as 0.66 mg/ml. The median lethal concentrations of <i>C. fumosorosea</i> mycelial extracts towards first, second, third and fourth instar nymphs of <i>A. craccivora</i> were 46.35, 54.55, 68.94, and 81.92 µg/mL, respectively. The median lethal concentrations of <i>C. fumosorosea</i> mycelial extracts towards first, second, third and fourth instar nymphs of <i>B. tabaci</i> were 62.67, 72.84, 77.40, and 94.40 µg/mL, respectively. Our results demonstrate that bioactive compounds produced by <i>C. fumosorosea</i> isolate SP502 have insecticidal properties and could, therefore, be developed into biopesticides for the management of <i>B. tabaci</i> and <i>A. craccivora</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:07:20Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:07:20Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-0248c3bbb7bf4d4bbfa107142b739b362023-11-21T10:59:15ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512021-03-0113322010.3390/toxins13030220Characterization and Toxicity of Crude Toxins Produced by <i>Cordyceps fumosorosea</i> against <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> (Gennadius) and <i>Aphis craccivora</i> (Koch)Jianhui Wu0Bo Yang1Jing Xu2Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson3Shaukat Ali4Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaKey Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaKey Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaIndependent Science Advisor, York YO10 5AQ, UKKey Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Guangzhou 510642, China<i>Cordyceps fumosorosea</i>, an insect pathogenic fungus, produces different toxins/secondary metabolites which can act as pest control agents. This study reports the extraction and characterization of crude mycelial extracts of <i>C. fumosorosea</i> isolate SP502 along with their bio-efficacy against <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> and <i>Aphis craccivora</i>. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, liquid chromatography, mass spectrometery and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of <i>C. fumosorosea</i> isolate SP502 extracts showed the presence of five major compounds—Trichodermin, 5-Methylmellein, Brevianamide F, Enniatin and Beauvericin—which all may potentially be involved in insecticidal activity. The HPLC analysis of <i>C. fumosorosea</i> mycelial extracts and Beauvericin standard showed similar chromatographic peaks, with the content of Beauvericin in the crude toxin being calculated as 0.66 mg/ml. The median lethal concentrations of <i>C. fumosorosea</i> mycelial extracts towards first, second, third and fourth instar nymphs of <i>A. craccivora</i> were 46.35, 54.55, 68.94, and 81.92 µg/mL, respectively. The median lethal concentrations of <i>C. fumosorosea</i> mycelial extracts towards first, second, third and fourth instar nymphs of <i>B. tabaci</i> were 62.67, 72.84, 77.40, and 94.40 µg/mL, respectively. Our results demonstrate that bioactive compounds produced by <i>C. fumosorosea</i> isolate SP502 have insecticidal properties and could, therefore, be developed into biopesticides for the management of <i>B. tabaci</i> and <i>A. craccivora</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/3/220biological control<i>Cordyceps fumosorosea</i>-SP502toxinwhiteflyaphidstoxicity |
| spellingShingle | Jianhui Wu Bo Yang Jing Xu Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson Shaukat Ali Characterization and Toxicity of Crude Toxins Produced by <i>Cordyceps fumosorosea</i> against <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> (Gennadius) and <i>Aphis craccivora</i> (Koch) Toxins biological control <i>Cordyceps fumosorosea</i>-SP502 toxin whitefly aphids toxicity |
| title | Characterization and Toxicity of Crude Toxins Produced by <i>Cordyceps fumosorosea</i> against <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> (Gennadius) and <i>Aphis craccivora</i> (Koch) |
| title_full | Characterization and Toxicity of Crude Toxins Produced by <i>Cordyceps fumosorosea</i> against <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> (Gennadius) and <i>Aphis craccivora</i> (Koch) |
| title_fullStr | Characterization and Toxicity of Crude Toxins Produced by <i>Cordyceps fumosorosea</i> against <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> (Gennadius) and <i>Aphis craccivora</i> (Koch) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization and Toxicity of Crude Toxins Produced by <i>Cordyceps fumosorosea</i> against <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> (Gennadius) and <i>Aphis craccivora</i> (Koch) |
| title_short | Characterization and Toxicity of Crude Toxins Produced by <i>Cordyceps fumosorosea</i> against <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> (Gennadius) and <i>Aphis craccivora</i> (Koch) |
| title_sort | characterization and toxicity of crude toxins produced by i cordyceps fumosorosea i against i bemisia tabaci i gennadius and i aphis craccivora i koch |
| topic | biological control <i>Cordyceps fumosorosea</i>-SP502 toxin whitefly aphids toxicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/3/220 |
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