Efficacy of Plantar Orthoses in Paediatric Flexible Flatfoot: A Five-Year Systematic Review
Paediatric flexible flatfoot (PFF) is a very common condition and a common concern among parents and various healthcare professionals. There is a multitude of conservative and surgical treatments, with foot orthoses (FO) being the first line of treatment due to their lack of contraindications and be...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Children |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/10/2/371 |
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| author | Cristina Molina-García George Banwell Raquel Rodríguez-Blanque Juan Carlos Sánchez-García Andrés Reinoso-Cobo Jonathan Cortés-Martín Laura Ramos-Petersen |
| author_facet | Cristina Molina-García George Banwell Raquel Rodríguez-Blanque Juan Carlos Sánchez-García Andrés Reinoso-Cobo Jonathan Cortés-Martín Laura Ramos-Petersen |
| author_sort | Cristina Molina-García |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Paediatric flexible flatfoot (PFF) is a very common condition and a common concern among parents and various healthcare professionals. There is a multitude of conservative and surgical treatments, with foot orthoses (FO) being the first line of treatment due to their lack of contraindications and because the active participation of the child is not required, although the evidence supporting them is weak. It is not clear what the effect of FO is, nor when it is advisable to recommend them. PFF, if left untreated or uncorrected, could eventually cause problems in the foot itself or adjacent structures. It was necessary to update the existing information on the efficacy of FO as a conservative treatment for the reduction in signs and symptoms in patients with PFF, to know the best type of FO and the minimum time of use and to identify the diagnostic techniques most commonly used for PFF and the definition of PFF. A systematic review was carried out in the databases PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science, Cochrane, SCOPUS and PEDro using the following strategy: randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) on child patients with PFF, compared to those treated with FO or not being treated, assessing the improvement of signs and symptoms of PFF. Studies in which subjects had neurological or systemic disease or had undergone surgery were excluded. Two of the authors independently assessed study quality. PRISMA guidelines were followed, and the systematic review was registered in PROSPERO: CRD42021240163. Of the 237 initial studies considered, 7 RCTs and CCTs published between 2017 and 2022 met the inclusion criteria, representing 679 participants with PFF aged 3–14 years. The interventions of the included studies differed in diagnostic criteria, types of FO and duration of treatment, among others. All articles conclude that FO are beneficial, although the results must be taken with caution due to the risk of bias of the included articles. There is evidence for the efficacy of FO as a treatment for PFF signs and symptoms. There is no treatment algorithm. There is no clear definition for PFF. There is no ideal type of FO, although all have in common the incorporation of a large internal longitudinal arch. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:59:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0254337114bd4a358e8dd2c4b4718e39 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:59:30Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Children |
| spelling | doaj.art-0254337114bd4a358e8dd2c4b4718e392023-11-16T19:49:50ZengMDPI AGChildren2227-90672023-02-0110237110.3390/children10020371Efficacy of Plantar Orthoses in Paediatric Flexible Flatfoot: A Five-Year Systematic ReviewCristina Molina-García0George Banwell1Raquel Rodríguez-Blanque2Juan Carlos Sánchez-García3Andrés Reinoso-Cobo4Jonathan Cortés-Martín5Laura Ramos-Petersen6Health Sciences Ph.D. Program, Universidad Católica de Murcia UCAM, Campus de Los Jerónimos n°135, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, SpainDepartment of Nursing and Podiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malaga, Arquitecto Francisco Peñalosa 3, Ampliación de Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Malaga, SpainResearch Group CTS1068, Andalusia Research Plan, Junta de Andalucía, Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, SpainResearch Group CTS1068, Andalusia Research Plan, Junta de Andalucía, Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, SpainDepartment of Nursing and Podiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malaga, Arquitecto Francisco Peñalosa 3, Ampliación de Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Malaga, SpainResearch Group CTS1068, Andalusia Research Plan, Junta de Andalucía, Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, SpainDepartment of Nursing and Podiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malaga, Arquitecto Francisco Peñalosa 3, Ampliación de Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Malaga, SpainPaediatric flexible flatfoot (PFF) is a very common condition and a common concern among parents and various healthcare professionals. There is a multitude of conservative and surgical treatments, with foot orthoses (FO) being the first line of treatment due to their lack of contraindications and because the active participation of the child is not required, although the evidence supporting them is weak. It is not clear what the effect of FO is, nor when it is advisable to recommend them. PFF, if left untreated or uncorrected, could eventually cause problems in the foot itself or adjacent structures. It was necessary to update the existing information on the efficacy of FO as a conservative treatment for the reduction in signs and symptoms in patients with PFF, to know the best type of FO and the minimum time of use and to identify the diagnostic techniques most commonly used for PFF and the definition of PFF. A systematic review was carried out in the databases PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science, Cochrane, SCOPUS and PEDro using the following strategy: randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) on child patients with PFF, compared to those treated with FO or not being treated, assessing the improvement of signs and symptoms of PFF. Studies in which subjects had neurological or systemic disease or had undergone surgery were excluded. Two of the authors independently assessed study quality. PRISMA guidelines were followed, and the systematic review was registered in PROSPERO: CRD42021240163. Of the 237 initial studies considered, 7 RCTs and CCTs published between 2017 and 2022 met the inclusion criteria, representing 679 participants with PFF aged 3–14 years. The interventions of the included studies differed in diagnostic criteria, types of FO and duration of treatment, among others. All articles conclude that FO are beneficial, although the results must be taken with caution due to the risk of bias of the included articles. There is evidence for the efficacy of FO as a treatment for PFF signs and symptoms. There is no treatment algorithm. There is no clear definition for PFF. There is no ideal type of FO, although all have in common the incorporation of a large internal longitudinal arch.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/10/2/371flatfootpaediatricschildfoot orthoses |
| spellingShingle | Cristina Molina-García George Banwell Raquel Rodríguez-Blanque Juan Carlos Sánchez-García Andrés Reinoso-Cobo Jonathan Cortés-Martín Laura Ramos-Petersen Efficacy of Plantar Orthoses in Paediatric Flexible Flatfoot: A Five-Year Systematic Review Children flatfoot paediatrics child foot orthoses |
| title | Efficacy of Plantar Orthoses in Paediatric Flexible Flatfoot: A Five-Year Systematic Review |
| title_full | Efficacy of Plantar Orthoses in Paediatric Flexible Flatfoot: A Five-Year Systematic Review |
| title_fullStr | Efficacy of Plantar Orthoses in Paediatric Flexible Flatfoot: A Five-Year Systematic Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Efficacy of Plantar Orthoses in Paediatric Flexible Flatfoot: A Five-Year Systematic Review |
| title_short | Efficacy of Plantar Orthoses in Paediatric Flexible Flatfoot: A Five-Year Systematic Review |
| title_sort | efficacy of plantar orthoses in paediatric flexible flatfoot a five year systematic review |
| topic | flatfoot paediatrics child foot orthoses |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/10/2/371 |
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