Tocotrienols Provide Radioprotection to Multiple Organ Systems through Complementary Mechanisms of Antioxidant and Signaling Effects
Tocotrienols have powerful radioprotective properties in multiple organ systems and are promising candidates for development as clinically effective radiation countermeasures. To facilitate their development as clinical radiation countermeasures, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms behind the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/12/11/1987 |
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| author | Stephen A. Shrum Ujwani Nukala Shivangi Shrimali Edith Nathalie Pineda Kimberly J. Krager Shraddha Thakkar Darin E. Jones Rupak Pathak Philip J. Breen Nukhet Aykin-Burns Cesar M. Compadre |
| author_facet | Stephen A. Shrum Ujwani Nukala Shivangi Shrimali Edith Nathalie Pineda Kimberly J. Krager Shraddha Thakkar Darin E. Jones Rupak Pathak Philip J. Breen Nukhet Aykin-Burns Cesar M. Compadre |
| author_sort | Stephen A. Shrum |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tocotrienols have powerful radioprotective properties in multiple organ systems and are promising candidates for development as clinically effective radiation countermeasures. To facilitate their development as clinical radiation countermeasures, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms behind their powerful multi-organ radioprotective properties. In this context, their antioxidant effects are recognized for directly preventing oxidative damage to cellular biomolecules from ionizing radiation. However, there is a growing body of evidence indicating that the radioprotective mechanism of action for tocotrienols extends beyond their antioxidant properties. This raises a new pharmacological paradigm that tocotrienols are uniquely efficacious radioprotectors due to a synergistic combination of antioxidant and other signaling effects. In this review, we have covered the wide range of multi-organ radioprotective effects observed for tocotrienols and the mechanisms underlying it. These radioprotective effects for tocotrienols can be characterized as (1) direct cytoprotective effects, characteristic of the classic antioxidant properties, and (2) other effects that modulate a wide array of critical signaling factors involved in radiation injury. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:04:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-025774aeb31a47a8886e67dfde8f0adf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:04:06Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-025774aeb31a47a8886e67dfde8f0adf2023-11-24T14:25:56ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212023-11-011211198710.3390/antiox12111987Tocotrienols Provide Radioprotection to Multiple Organ Systems through Complementary Mechanisms of Antioxidant and Signaling EffectsStephen A. Shrum0Ujwani Nukala1Shivangi Shrimali2Edith Nathalie Pineda3Kimberly J. Krager4Shraddha Thakkar5Darin E. Jones6Rupak Pathak7Philip J. Breen8Nukhet Aykin-Burns9Cesar M. Compadre10Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USADepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USADepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USADepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USADepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USADepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USADepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USADepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USADepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USADepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USADepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USATocotrienols have powerful radioprotective properties in multiple organ systems and are promising candidates for development as clinically effective radiation countermeasures. To facilitate their development as clinical radiation countermeasures, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms behind their powerful multi-organ radioprotective properties. In this context, their antioxidant effects are recognized for directly preventing oxidative damage to cellular biomolecules from ionizing radiation. However, there is a growing body of evidence indicating that the radioprotective mechanism of action for tocotrienols extends beyond their antioxidant properties. This raises a new pharmacological paradigm that tocotrienols are uniquely efficacious radioprotectors due to a synergistic combination of antioxidant and other signaling effects. In this review, we have covered the wide range of multi-organ radioprotective effects observed for tocotrienols and the mechanisms underlying it. These radioprotective effects for tocotrienols can be characterized as (1) direct cytoprotective effects, characteristic of the classic antioxidant properties, and (2) other effects that modulate a wide array of critical signaling factors involved in radiation injury.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/12/11/1987tocotrienolsradioprotectiongamma-tocotrienoldelta-tocotrienolradiation countermeasuresradiation injury |
| spellingShingle | Stephen A. Shrum Ujwani Nukala Shivangi Shrimali Edith Nathalie Pineda Kimberly J. Krager Shraddha Thakkar Darin E. Jones Rupak Pathak Philip J. Breen Nukhet Aykin-Burns Cesar M. Compadre Tocotrienols Provide Radioprotection to Multiple Organ Systems through Complementary Mechanisms of Antioxidant and Signaling Effects Antioxidants tocotrienols radioprotection gamma-tocotrienol delta-tocotrienol radiation countermeasures radiation injury |
| title | Tocotrienols Provide Radioprotection to Multiple Organ Systems through Complementary Mechanisms of Antioxidant and Signaling Effects |
| title_full | Tocotrienols Provide Radioprotection to Multiple Organ Systems through Complementary Mechanisms of Antioxidant and Signaling Effects |
| title_fullStr | Tocotrienols Provide Radioprotection to Multiple Organ Systems through Complementary Mechanisms of Antioxidant and Signaling Effects |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tocotrienols Provide Radioprotection to Multiple Organ Systems through Complementary Mechanisms of Antioxidant and Signaling Effects |
| title_short | Tocotrienols Provide Radioprotection to Multiple Organ Systems through Complementary Mechanisms of Antioxidant and Signaling Effects |
| title_sort | tocotrienols provide radioprotection to multiple organ systems through complementary mechanisms of antioxidant and signaling effects |
| topic | tocotrienols radioprotection gamma-tocotrienol delta-tocotrienol radiation countermeasures radiation injury |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/12/11/1987 |
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