Effect of Basic Promoters on Porous Supported Alumina Catalysts for Acetins Production
A facile strategy for the design of porous supports was obtained by modifying the sol-gel method followed by the wet impregnation technique. In this respect, herein, the acidity of the γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> phase was modulated by adding basic MgO, La<sub>2</s...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Catalysts |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/12/12/1616 |
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| author | Rita de Cássia F. Bezerra Gabriela Mota Ruth Maria B. Vidal Jose Vitor do Carmo Gilberto D. Saraiva Adriana Campos Alcineia C. Oliveira Rossano Lang Larissa Otubo José Jiménez Jiménez Enrique Rodríguez-Castellón |
| author_facet | Rita de Cássia F. Bezerra Gabriela Mota Ruth Maria B. Vidal Jose Vitor do Carmo Gilberto D. Saraiva Adriana Campos Alcineia C. Oliveira Rossano Lang Larissa Otubo José Jiménez Jiménez Enrique Rodríguez-Castellón |
| author_sort | Rita de Cássia F. Bezerra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A facile strategy for the design of porous supports was obtained by modifying the sol-gel method followed by the wet impregnation technique. In this respect, herein, the acidity of the γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> phase was modulated by adding basic MgO, La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> or ZnO promoters to form binary supported catalysts. The Ni and Co dispersion on the supports associated with their tunable acidity and morphologies resulted in highly porous supported alumina-based catalysts. The physicochemical properties of the solids were comprehensively investigated by XRD, textural properties, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, SEM-EDS, TEM, EPR and XPS analyses. The catalytic performances in the esterification of glycerol in the presence of acetic acid (EG) for the acetins production were evaluated. The highly dispersed NiO and Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> active species on binary porous supports produced synergistic effects appearing to be the reason for the activity of the solids in the EG reaction. Under the optimized reaction conditions, NiCo/MgO-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> was found to be a robust solid with superior catalytic performance and improved stability in four reaction cycles with 65.0% of glycerol conversion with an exclusive selectivity of 53% for triacetin. The presence of Co<sup>2+</sup>/Co<sup>3+</sup> and Ni<sup>2+</sup> strongly interacting with the spinel γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> phases, the latter having a large number of lattice oxygen species, was considered another active component besides those of Ni and Co in the esterification of glycerol. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:12:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-025cf8fd85934c87b40d4d6a413a44ea |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4344 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:12:56Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
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| series | Catalysts |
| spelling | doaj.art-025cf8fd85934c87b40d4d6a413a44ea2023-11-24T13:52:03ZengMDPI AGCatalysts2073-43442022-12-011212161610.3390/catal12121616Effect of Basic Promoters on Porous Supported Alumina Catalysts for Acetins ProductionRita de Cássia F. Bezerra0Gabriela Mota1Ruth Maria B. Vidal2Jose Vitor do Carmo3Gilberto D. Saraiva4Adriana Campos5Alcineia C. Oliveira6Rossano Lang7Larissa Otubo8José Jiménez Jiménez9Enrique Rodríguez-Castellón10Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, Fortaleza 60455-760, BrazilDepartamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, Fortaleza 60455-760, BrazilDepartamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, Fortaleza 60455-760, BrazilDepartamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, Fortaleza 60455-760, BrazilFaculdade de Educação Ciências e Letras do Sertão Central, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Quixadá 63902-098, BrazilCETENE, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50740-545, BrazilDepartamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, Fortaleza 60455-760, BrazilInstituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São José dos Campos 12231-280, BrazilCentro de Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais—CCTM, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares—IPEN, São Paulo 05508-000, BrazilDepartamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, SpainDepartamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, SpainA facile strategy for the design of porous supports was obtained by modifying the sol-gel method followed by the wet impregnation technique. In this respect, herein, the acidity of the γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> phase was modulated by adding basic MgO, La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> or ZnO promoters to form binary supported catalysts. The Ni and Co dispersion on the supports associated with their tunable acidity and morphologies resulted in highly porous supported alumina-based catalysts. The physicochemical properties of the solids were comprehensively investigated by XRD, textural properties, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, SEM-EDS, TEM, EPR and XPS analyses. The catalytic performances in the esterification of glycerol in the presence of acetic acid (EG) for the acetins production were evaluated. The highly dispersed NiO and Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> active species on binary porous supports produced synergistic effects appearing to be the reason for the activity of the solids in the EG reaction. Under the optimized reaction conditions, NiCo/MgO-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> was found to be a robust solid with superior catalytic performance and improved stability in four reaction cycles with 65.0% of glycerol conversion with an exclusive selectivity of 53% for triacetin. The presence of Co<sup>2+</sup>/Co<sup>3+</sup> and Ni<sup>2+</sup> strongly interacting with the spinel γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> phases, the latter having a large number of lattice oxygen species, was considered another active component besides those of Ni and Co in the esterification of glycerol.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/12/12/1616porous aluminasupportesterificationglycerolbasic promoters |
| spellingShingle | Rita de Cássia F. Bezerra Gabriela Mota Ruth Maria B. Vidal Jose Vitor do Carmo Gilberto D. Saraiva Adriana Campos Alcineia C. Oliveira Rossano Lang Larissa Otubo José Jiménez Jiménez Enrique Rodríguez-Castellón Effect of Basic Promoters on Porous Supported Alumina Catalysts for Acetins Production Catalysts porous alumina support esterification glycerol basic promoters |
| title | Effect of Basic Promoters on Porous Supported Alumina Catalysts for Acetins Production |
| title_full | Effect of Basic Promoters on Porous Supported Alumina Catalysts for Acetins Production |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Basic Promoters on Porous Supported Alumina Catalysts for Acetins Production |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Basic Promoters on Porous Supported Alumina Catalysts for Acetins Production |
| title_short | Effect of Basic Promoters on Porous Supported Alumina Catalysts for Acetins Production |
| title_sort | effect of basic promoters on porous supported alumina catalysts for acetins production |
| topic | porous alumina support esterification glycerol basic promoters |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/12/12/1616 |
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