Disseminated tuberculosis in a child during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case report and literature review
BackgroundDisseminated tuberculosis is an uncommon but devastating form of tuberculosis, possibly developing with the immune response of patients. COVID-19 infection may produce an immunosuppressive effect with possible implications for tuberculosis dissemination.Case presentationA 17-year-old femal...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1249878/full |
| _version_ | 1797685955950280704 |
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| author | Taoping Weng Yaqiong Dong Niwen Huang Chenqu Zhao Lei Zhang Shan Cao Jing Tang Danni Zhang Xianming Zhang |
| author_facet | Taoping Weng Yaqiong Dong Niwen Huang Chenqu Zhao Lei Zhang Shan Cao Jing Tang Danni Zhang Xianming Zhang |
| author_sort | Taoping Weng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundDisseminated tuberculosis is an uncommon but devastating form of tuberculosis, possibly developing with the immune response of patients. COVID-19 infection may produce an immunosuppressive effect with possible implications for tuberculosis dissemination.Case presentationA 17-year-old female patient with a history of tuberculous pleurisy presented to the hospital with a high fever and life-threatening dyspnea after contracting a COVID-19 infection. Her condition deteriorated rapidly with grand mal epilepsy and acute gastrointestinal bleeding with a grossly depressed CD4 T-cell count, which was indicative of her profoundly immunosuppressed state. After identifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis in her cerebrospinal fluid and a subcutaneous abscess in her left lower back, she was diagnosed with disseminated tuberculosis involving both lungs, the central nervous system, the terminal ileum, the liver, bilateral adnexal tissue, and subcutaneous soft tissue in accordance with the chest and abdominal CT. Empirical treatment was initiated with dexamethasone (5 mg/day) and an anti-tuberculosis regimen of isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, amikacin, and meropenem, which was replaced with faropenem after she left the hospital. The therapeutic effect was considered satisfied in the second month of follow-up.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, we report the first case report of disseminated tuberculosis after COVID-19 infection. Tuberculosis may disseminate and progress during the COVID-19 pandemic, requiring more significant studies to provide better diagnosis and treatment options for the co-infection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T00:58:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-025d6b6f3d3c4f9290ee7b25f4a9486c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T00:58:42Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-025d6b6f3d3c4f9290ee7b25f4a9486c2023-09-14T09:21:36ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242023-09-011410.3389/fimmu.2023.12498781249878Disseminated tuberculosis in a child during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case report and literature reviewTaoping WengYaqiong DongNiwen HuangChenqu ZhaoLei ZhangShan CaoJing TangDanni ZhangXianming ZhangBackgroundDisseminated tuberculosis is an uncommon but devastating form of tuberculosis, possibly developing with the immune response of patients. COVID-19 infection may produce an immunosuppressive effect with possible implications for tuberculosis dissemination.Case presentationA 17-year-old female patient with a history of tuberculous pleurisy presented to the hospital with a high fever and life-threatening dyspnea after contracting a COVID-19 infection. Her condition deteriorated rapidly with grand mal epilepsy and acute gastrointestinal bleeding with a grossly depressed CD4 T-cell count, which was indicative of her profoundly immunosuppressed state. After identifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis in her cerebrospinal fluid and a subcutaneous abscess in her left lower back, she was diagnosed with disseminated tuberculosis involving both lungs, the central nervous system, the terminal ileum, the liver, bilateral adnexal tissue, and subcutaneous soft tissue in accordance with the chest and abdominal CT. Empirical treatment was initiated with dexamethasone (5 mg/day) and an anti-tuberculosis regimen of isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, amikacin, and meropenem, which was replaced with faropenem after she left the hospital. The therapeutic effect was considered satisfied in the second month of follow-up.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, we report the first case report of disseminated tuberculosis after COVID-19 infection. Tuberculosis may disseminate and progress during the COVID-19 pandemic, requiring more significant studies to provide better diagnosis and treatment options for the co-infection.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1249878/fulltuberculosisdisseminated tuberculosisCOVID-19immunosuppressiontreatmentcase report |
| spellingShingle | Taoping Weng Yaqiong Dong Niwen Huang Chenqu Zhao Lei Zhang Shan Cao Jing Tang Danni Zhang Xianming Zhang Disseminated tuberculosis in a child during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case report and literature review Frontiers in Immunology tuberculosis disseminated tuberculosis COVID-19 immunosuppression treatment case report |
| title | Disseminated tuberculosis in a child during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case report and literature review |
| title_full | Disseminated tuberculosis in a child during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case report and literature review |
| title_fullStr | Disseminated tuberculosis in a child during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case report and literature review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Disseminated tuberculosis in a child during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case report and literature review |
| title_short | Disseminated tuberculosis in a child during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case report and literature review |
| title_sort | disseminated tuberculosis in a child during the covid 19 pandemic a case report and literature review |
| topic | tuberculosis disseminated tuberculosis COVID-19 immunosuppression treatment case report |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1249878/full |
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