FCTC ratification, smoking prevalence, and GDP per capita: lessons for Indonesia and the rest of the world
Abstract Background Indonesia’s stagnated progress towards tobacco control could be addressed through the implementation of a comprehensive national framework, such as the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Framework Convention of Tobacco Control (FCTC). However, national tobacco industry supporters...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2022-02-01
|
| Series: | Globalization and Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-022-00810-y |
| _version_ | 1828135786614095872 |
|---|---|
| author | Abdillah Ahsan Rifai Afin Nadira Amalia Martha Hindriyani Ardhini Risfa Jacinda Elisabeth Kramer |
| author_facet | Abdillah Ahsan Rifai Afin Nadira Amalia Martha Hindriyani Ardhini Risfa Jacinda Elisabeth Kramer |
| author_sort | Abdillah Ahsan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Indonesia’s stagnated progress towards tobacco control could be addressed through the implementation of a comprehensive national framework, such as the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Framework Convention of Tobacco Control (FCTC). However, national tobacco industry supporters argue that accepting the FCTC will have negative economic implications for the country. These arguments have, thus far, discouraged the Indonesian government from ratifying the FCTC. Drawing from an analysis of the impact of the FCTC on other countries’ smoking rates and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, this study offers empirical evidence against industry arguments concerning the potential negative economic impacts of FCTC adoption. This study applies a two stage least square estimation strategy to unbalanced panel data at country level. In the first stage we estimate the impact of FCTC ratification on smoking rates, and in the second step, we estimate the influence of smoking activity on macroeconomic performance. Results The result of this study shows that FCTC ratification has a negative impact on a country’s smoking prevalence. While FCTC ratification positively correlates with reduced smoking prevalence, a decline in smoking prevalence is not related to a decline in GDP per capita. Conclusions The results of this study shows that FCTC ratification, which can be an important driver for more effective tobacco control, does not necessarily have a negative impact on the economy. Instead, FCTC ratification may be beneficial for both health and economic outcomes, as it provides comprehensive guidance for reducing smoking prevalence that take into account social and economic factors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T17:52:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-02689f211361404b8491816a47342b7c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1744-8603 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T17:52:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Globalization and Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-02689f211361404b8491816a47342b7c2022-12-22T04:11:01ZengBMCGlobalization and Health1744-86032022-02-011811610.1186/s12992-022-00810-yFCTC ratification, smoking prevalence, and GDP per capita: lessons for Indonesia and the rest of the worldAbdillah Ahsan0Rifai Afin1Nadira Amalia2Martha Hindriyani3Ardhini Risfa Jacinda4Elisabeth Kramer5Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of IndonesiaDepartment of Economics, University of Trunojoyo MaduraDepartment of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administration, University of MalayaFaculty of Economics and Business, Gadjah Mada UniversityCenter for Islamic Economics and Business, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of IndonesiaSydney Southeast Asia Centre, University of SydneyAbstract Background Indonesia’s stagnated progress towards tobacco control could be addressed through the implementation of a comprehensive national framework, such as the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Framework Convention of Tobacco Control (FCTC). However, national tobacco industry supporters argue that accepting the FCTC will have negative economic implications for the country. These arguments have, thus far, discouraged the Indonesian government from ratifying the FCTC. Drawing from an analysis of the impact of the FCTC on other countries’ smoking rates and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, this study offers empirical evidence against industry arguments concerning the potential negative economic impacts of FCTC adoption. This study applies a two stage least square estimation strategy to unbalanced panel data at country level. In the first stage we estimate the impact of FCTC ratification on smoking rates, and in the second step, we estimate the influence of smoking activity on macroeconomic performance. Results The result of this study shows that FCTC ratification has a negative impact on a country’s smoking prevalence. While FCTC ratification positively correlates with reduced smoking prevalence, a decline in smoking prevalence is not related to a decline in GDP per capita. Conclusions The results of this study shows that FCTC ratification, which can be an important driver for more effective tobacco control, does not necessarily have a negative impact on the economy. Instead, FCTC ratification may be beneficial for both health and economic outcomes, as it provides comprehensive guidance for reducing smoking prevalence that take into account social and economic factors.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-022-00810-yFramework convention on tobacco control (FCTC)IndonesiaGDP per capita |
| spellingShingle | Abdillah Ahsan Rifai Afin Nadira Amalia Martha Hindriyani Ardhini Risfa Jacinda Elisabeth Kramer FCTC ratification, smoking prevalence, and GDP per capita: lessons for Indonesia and the rest of the world Globalization and Health Framework convention on tobacco control (FCTC) Indonesia GDP per capita |
| title | FCTC ratification, smoking prevalence, and GDP per capita: lessons for Indonesia and the rest of the world |
| title_full | FCTC ratification, smoking prevalence, and GDP per capita: lessons for Indonesia and the rest of the world |
| title_fullStr | FCTC ratification, smoking prevalence, and GDP per capita: lessons for Indonesia and the rest of the world |
| title_full_unstemmed | FCTC ratification, smoking prevalence, and GDP per capita: lessons for Indonesia and the rest of the world |
| title_short | FCTC ratification, smoking prevalence, and GDP per capita: lessons for Indonesia and the rest of the world |
| title_sort | fctc ratification smoking prevalence and gdp per capita lessons for indonesia and the rest of the world |
| topic | Framework convention on tobacco control (FCTC) Indonesia GDP per capita |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-022-00810-y |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT abdillahahsan fctcratificationsmokingprevalenceandgdppercapitalessonsforindonesiaandtherestoftheworld AT rifaiafin fctcratificationsmokingprevalenceandgdppercapitalessonsforindonesiaandtherestoftheworld AT nadiraamalia fctcratificationsmokingprevalenceandgdppercapitalessonsforindonesiaandtherestoftheworld AT marthahindriyani fctcratificationsmokingprevalenceandgdppercapitalessonsforindonesiaandtherestoftheworld AT ardhinirisfajacinda fctcratificationsmokingprevalenceandgdppercapitalessonsforindonesiaandtherestoftheworld AT elisabethkramer fctcratificationsmokingprevalenceandgdppercapitalessonsforindonesiaandtherestoftheworld |