Bone Formation and Maintenance in Oral Surgery: The Decisive Role of the Immune System—A Narrative Review of Mechanisms and Solutions
Based on the evidence of a significant communication and connection pathway between the bone and immune systems, a new science has emerged: osteoimmunology. Indeed, the immune system has a considerable impact on bone health and diseases, as well as on bone formation during grafts and its stability o...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Bioengineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/11/2/191 |
| _version_ | 1797298863536603136 |
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| author | Elisa Choukroun Maximilien Parnot Jerome Surmenian Reinhard Gruber Nicolas Cohen Nicolas Davido Alain Simonpieri Charles Savoldelli Franck Afota Hicham El Mjabber Joseph Choukroun |
| author_facet | Elisa Choukroun Maximilien Parnot Jerome Surmenian Reinhard Gruber Nicolas Cohen Nicolas Davido Alain Simonpieri Charles Savoldelli Franck Afota Hicham El Mjabber Joseph Choukroun |
| author_sort | Elisa Choukroun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Based on the evidence of a significant communication and connection pathway between the bone and immune systems, a new science has emerged: osteoimmunology. Indeed, the immune system has a considerable impact on bone health and diseases, as well as on bone formation during grafts and its stability over time. Chronic inflammation induces the excessive production of oxidants. An imbalance between the levels of oxidants and antioxidants is called oxidative stress. This physio-pathological state causes both molecular and cellular damage, which leads to DNA alterations, genetic mutations and cell apoptosis, and thus, impaired immunity followed by delayed or compromised wound healing. Oxidative stress levels experienced by the body affect bone regeneration and maintenance around teeth and dental implants. As the immune system and bone remodeling are interconnected, bone loss is a consequence of immune dysregulation. Therefore, oral tissue deficiencies such as periodontitis and peri-implantitis should be regarded as immune diseases. Bone management strategies should include both biological and surgical solutions. These protocols tend to improve immunity through antioxidant production to enhance bone formation and prevent bone loss. This narrative review aims to highlight the relationship between inflammation, oxidation, immunity and bone health in the oral cavity. It intends to help clinicians to detect high-risk situations in oral surgery and to propose biological and clinical solutions that will enhance patients’ immune responses and surgical treatment outcomes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:41:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0276102c1b7445f3b3f254c4411c2548 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2306-5354 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:41:14Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Bioengineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-0276102c1b7445f3b3f254c4411c25482024-02-23T15:08:03ZengMDPI AGBioengineering2306-53542024-02-0111219110.3390/bioengineering11020191Bone Formation and Maintenance in Oral Surgery: The Decisive Role of the Immune System—A Narrative Review of Mechanisms and SolutionsElisa Choukroun0Maximilien Parnot1Jerome Surmenian2Reinhard Gruber3Nicolas Cohen4Nicolas Davido5Alain Simonpieri6Charles Savoldelli7Franck Afota8Hicham El Mjabber9Joseph Choukroun10Private Practice, 06700 Saint Laurent du Var, FrancePrivate Practice, 06700 Saint Laurent du Var, FrancePrivate Practice, 06000 Nice, FranceDepartment of Oral Biology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, AustriaPrivate Practice, Kirkland, ON H9J 2K9, CanadaPrivate Practice, 75017 Paris, FrancePrivate Practice, 06240 Beausoleil, FranceHead and Neck Institute, CHU, 06000 Nice, FrancePrivate Practice, 06000 Nice, FrancePrivate Practice, 42600 Montbrison, FrancePain Clinic, 06000 Nice, FranceBased on the evidence of a significant communication and connection pathway between the bone and immune systems, a new science has emerged: osteoimmunology. Indeed, the immune system has a considerable impact on bone health and diseases, as well as on bone formation during grafts and its stability over time. Chronic inflammation induces the excessive production of oxidants. An imbalance between the levels of oxidants and antioxidants is called oxidative stress. This physio-pathological state causes both molecular and cellular damage, which leads to DNA alterations, genetic mutations and cell apoptosis, and thus, impaired immunity followed by delayed or compromised wound healing. Oxidative stress levels experienced by the body affect bone regeneration and maintenance around teeth and dental implants. As the immune system and bone remodeling are interconnected, bone loss is a consequence of immune dysregulation. Therefore, oral tissue deficiencies such as periodontitis and peri-implantitis should be regarded as immune diseases. Bone management strategies should include both biological and surgical solutions. These protocols tend to improve immunity through antioxidant production to enhance bone formation and prevent bone loss. This narrative review aims to highlight the relationship between inflammation, oxidation, immunity and bone health in the oral cavity. It intends to help clinicians to detect high-risk situations in oral surgery and to propose biological and clinical solutions that will enhance patients’ immune responses and surgical treatment outcomes.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/11/2/191osteoimmunologyoxidative stressperi-implantitisbone regenerationbone graftimplant dentistry |
| spellingShingle | Elisa Choukroun Maximilien Parnot Jerome Surmenian Reinhard Gruber Nicolas Cohen Nicolas Davido Alain Simonpieri Charles Savoldelli Franck Afota Hicham El Mjabber Joseph Choukroun Bone Formation and Maintenance in Oral Surgery: The Decisive Role of the Immune System—A Narrative Review of Mechanisms and Solutions Bioengineering osteoimmunology oxidative stress peri-implantitis bone regeneration bone graft implant dentistry |
| title | Bone Formation and Maintenance in Oral Surgery: The Decisive Role of the Immune System—A Narrative Review of Mechanisms and Solutions |
| title_full | Bone Formation and Maintenance in Oral Surgery: The Decisive Role of the Immune System—A Narrative Review of Mechanisms and Solutions |
| title_fullStr | Bone Formation and Maintenance in Oral Surgery: The Decisive Role of the Immune System—A Narrative Review of Mechanisms and Solutions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bone Formation and Maintenance in Oral Surgery: The Decisive Role of the Immune System—A Narrative Review of Mechanisms and Solutions |
| title_short | Bone Formation and Maintenance in Oral Surgery: The Decisive Role of the Immune System—A Narrative Review of Mechanisms and Solutions |
| title_sort | bone formation and maintenance in oral surgery the decisive role of the immune system a narrative review of mechanisms and solutions |
| topic | osteoimmunology oxidative stress peri-implantitis bone regeneration bone graft implant dentistry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/11/2/191 |
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