Blending Technology Based on HPLC Fingerprint and Nonlinear Programming to Control the Quality of Ginkgo Leaves
The breadth and depth of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) applications have been expanding in recent years, yet the problem of quality control has arisen in the application process. It is essential to design an algorithm to provide blending ratios that ensure a high overall product similarity to t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/15/4733 |
| _version_ | 1797432743185874944 |
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| author | Zhe Liu Guixin Li Yu Zhang Hongli Jin Yucheng Liu Jiatao Dong Xiaonong Li Yanfang Liu Xinmiao Liang |
| author_facet | Zhe Liu Guixin Li Yu Zhang Hongli Jin Yucheng Liu Jiatao Dong Xiaonong Li Yanfang Liu Xinmiao Liang |
| author_sort | Zhe Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The breadth and depth of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) applications have been expanding in recent years, yet the problem of quality control has arisen in the application process. It is essential to design an algorithm to provide blending ratios that ensure a high overall product similarity to the target with controlled deviations in individual ingredient content. We developed a new blending algorithm and scheme by comparing different samples of ginkgo leaves. High-consistency samples were used to establish the blending target, and qualified samples were used for blending. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used as the sample screening method. A nonlinear programming algorithm was applied to calculate the blending ratio under different blending constraints. In one set of calculation experiments, the result was blended by the same samples under different conditions. Its relative deviation coefficients (RDCs) were controlled within ±10%. In another set of calculations, the RDCs of more component blending by different samples were controlled within ±20%. Finally, the near-critical calculation ratio was used for the actual experiments. The experimental results met the initial setting requirements. The results show that our algorithm can flexibly control the content of TCMs. The quality control of the production process of TCMs was achieved by improving the content stability of raw materials using blending. The algorithm provides a groundbreaking idea for quality control of TCMs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:06:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0280e507484f48f29ff3e9d6b2e0223d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:06:08Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-0280e507484f48f29ff3e9d6b2e0223d2023-12-01T23:02:50ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-07-012715473310.3390/molecules27154733Blending Technology Based on HPLC Fingerprint and Nonlinear Programming to Control the Quality of Ginkgo LeavesZhe Liu0Guixin Li1Yu Zhang2Hongli Jin3Yucheng Liu4Jiatao Dong5Xiaonong Li6Yanfang Liu7Xinmiao Liang8Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, ChinaKey Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, ChinaKey Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, ChinaKey Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, ChinaHeilongjiang ZhenBaoDao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Haerbin 158400, ChinaHeilongjiang ZhenBaoDao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Haerbin 158400, ChinaJiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang 330100, ChinaKey Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, ChinaKey Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, ChinaThe breadth and depth of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) applications have been expanding in recent years, yet the problem of quality control has arisen in the application process. It is essential to design an algorithm to provide blending ratios that ensure a high overall product similarity to the target with controlled deviations in individual ingredient content. We developed a new blending algorithm and scheme by comparing different samples of ginkgo leaves. High-consistency samples were used to establish the blending target, and qualified samples were used for blending. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used as the sample screening method. A nonlinear programming algorithm was applied to calculate the blending ratio under different blending constraints. In one set of calculation experiments, the result was blended by the same samples under different conditions. Its relative deviation coefficients (RDCs) were controlled within ±10%. In another set of calculations, the RDCs of more component blending by different samples were controlled within ±20%. Finally, the near-critical calculation ratio was used for the actual experiments. The experimental results met the initial setting requirements. The results show that our algorithm can flexibly control the content of TCMs. The quality control of the production process of TCMs was achieved by improving the content stability of raw materials using blending. The algorithm provides a groundbreaking idea for quality control of TCMs.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/15/4733traditional Chinese medicine quality controlnatural herb blendingginkgo leaveshigh-performance liquid chromatographystoichiometry |
| spellingShingle | Zhe Liu Guixin Li Yu Zhang Hongli Jin Yucheng Liu Jiatao Dong Xiaonong Li Yanfang Liu Xinmiao Liang Blending Technology Based on HPLC Fingerprint and Nonlinear Programming to Control the Quality of Ginkgo Leaves Molecules traditional Chinese medicine quality control natural herb blending ginkgo leaves high-performance liquid chromatography stoichiometry |
| title | Blending Technology Based on HPLC Fingerprint and Nonlinear Programming to Control the Quality of Ginkgo Leaves |
| title_full | Blending Technology Based on HPLC Fingerprint and Nonlinear Programming to Control the Quality of Ginkgo Leaves |
| title_fullStr | Blending Technology Based on HPLC Fingerprint and Nonlinear Programming to Control the Quality of Ginkgo Leaves |
| title_full_unstemmed | Blending Technology Based on HPLC Fingerprint and Nonlinear Programming to Control the Quality of Ginkgo Leaves |
| title_short | Blending Technology Based on HPLC Fingerprint and Nonlinear Programming to Control the Quality of Ginkgo Leaves |
| title_sort | blending technology based on hplc fingerprint and nonlinear programming to control the quality of ginkgo leaves |
| topic | traditional Chinese medicine quality control natural herb blending ginkgo leaves high-performance liquid chromatography stoichiometry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/15/4733 |
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