Measurement of Lower Extremity Alignment Using a Smartphone Application
Identification of lower extremity misalignment requires radiation exposure and complex imaging. We developed and tested a smartphone application to facilitate quick identification of misalignment using photographs. Lower extremity alignment was measured by two independent researchers using a proprie...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/14/6834 |
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| author | Seung-Yong Sung Kyung-Yil Kang Dong Woo Shim Jae-Hyung Kim Sung-Woo Kim Sung-Jun Park Sung-Whan Kim Dong-Sik Chae |
| author_facet | Seung-Yong Sung Kyung-Yil Kang Dong Woo Shim Jae-Hyung Kim Sung-Woo Kim Sung-Jun Park Sung-Whan Kim Dong-Sik Chae |
| author_sort | Seung-Yong Sung |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Identification of lower extremity misalignment requires radiation exposure and complex imaging. We developed and tested a smartphone application to facilitate quick identification of misalignment using photographs. Lower extremity alignment was measured by two independent researchers using a proprietary smartphone application and conventional radiographs. The results were compared between the methods and evaluators for interrater and intrarater reliability. Ninety datasets were obtained from 45 patients, with 90 lower extremity alignment angles measured via radiographs and the smartphone application. The intrarater reliability of the hip–knee–ankle angle (HKAA), measured twice by evaluator A using the radiographic imaging program, was 0.985, whereas that measured by evaluator B was 0.995. The intrarater reliability of the predicted lower extremity alignment angle (PLEAA) measured using the smartphone application was 0.970 and 0.968 for evaluators A and B, respectively. Thus, all results showed excellent reliability. In validity analysis, the correlation between PLEAA and HKAA measured twice by evaluators A and B was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. HKAA (A) and PLEAA (A) had a positive correlation coefficient of 0.608 (<i>p</i> < 0.01), whereas HKAA (B) and PLEAA (B) had a positive correlation coefficient of 0.627 (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Thus, our smartphone application can facilitate for self-diagnosis of lower extremity misalignment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:22:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0288400b92ab4560bbea8249b7f904a5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:22:48Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-0288400b92ab4560bbea8249b7f904a52023-12-01T21:50:20ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-07-011214683410.3390/app12146834Measurement of Lower Extremity Alignment Using a Smartphone ApplicationSeung-Yong Sung0Kyung-Yil Kang1Dong Woo Shim2Jae-Hyung Kim3Sung-Woo Kim4Sung-Jun Park5Sung-Whan Kim6Dong-Sik Chae7Department of Orthopedic Surgery, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon 22711, KoreaDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon 22711, KoreaDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon 22711, KoreaDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Honam Regional Rehabilitation Hospital, Gwangju 61027, KoreaInstitute of AI and Big Data in Medicine, Yonsei Wonju Health System, Wonju 26417, KoreaSchool of Mechanical, Automotive and Aeronautical Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, KoreaDepartment of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung 25601, KoreaDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon 22711, KoreaIdentification of lower extremity misalignment requires radiation exposure and complex imaging. We developed and tested a smartphone application to facilitate quick identification of misalignment using photographs. Lower extremity alignment was measured by two independent researchers using a proprietary smartphone application and conventional radiographs. The results were compared between the methods and evaluators for interrater and intrarater reliability. Ninety datasets were obtained from 45 patients, with 90 lower extremity alignment angles measured via radiographs and the smartphone application. The intrarater reliability of the hip–knee–ankle angle (HKAA), measured twice by evaluator A using the radiographic imaging program, was 0.985, whereas that measured by evaluator B was 0.995. The intrarater reliability of the predicted lower extremity alignment angle (PLEAA) measured using the smartphone application was 0.970 and 0.968 for evaluators A and B, respectively. Thus, all results showed excellent reliability. In validity analysis, the correlation between PLEAA and HKAA measured twice by evaluators A and B was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. HKAA (A) and PLEAA (A) had a positive correlation coefficient of 0.608 (<i>p</i> < 0.01), whereas HKAA (B) and PLEAA (B) had a positive correlation coefficient of 0.627 (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Thus, our smartphone application can facilitate for self-diagnosis of lower extremity misalignment.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/14/6834diagnosisknee osteoarthritislower extremitypreventionknee deformitysmartphone application |
| spellingShingle | Seung-Yong Sung Kyung-Yil Kang Dong Woo Shim Jae-Hyung Kim Sung-Woo Kim Sung-Jun Park Sung-Whan Kim Dong-Sik Chae Measurement of Lower Extremity Alignment Using a Smartphone Application Applied Sciences diagnosis knee osteoarthritis lower extremity prevention knee deformity smartphone application |
| title | Measurement of Lower Extremity Alignment Using a Smartphone Application |
| title_full | Measurement of Lower Extremity Alignment Using a Smartphone Application |
| title_fullStr | Measurement of Lower Extremity Alignment Using a Smartphone Application |
| title_full_unstemmed | Measurement of Lower Extremity Alignment Using a Smartphone Application |
| title_short | Measurement of Lower Extremity Alignment Using a Smartphone Application |
| title_sort | measurement of lower extremity alignment using a smartphone application |
| topic | diagnosis knee osteoarthritis lower extremity prevention knee deformity smartphone application |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/14/6834 |
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