Neck and shoulder pain among elementary school students: prevalence and its risk factors
Abstract Background Neck and shoulder pain is relatively common among children and teenagers and has a negative impact on their physical and psychological health. This study was carried out to assess the prevalence of neck and shoulder pain among elementary school students, and to investigate the re...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2019-10-01
|
| Series: | BMC Public Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-019-7706-0 |
| _version_ | 1817984830106763264 |
|---|---|
| author | Elham Gheysvandi Iman Dianat Rashid Heidarimoghadam Leili Tapak Akram Karimi-Shahanjarini Forouzan Rezapur-Shahkolai |
| author_facet | Elham Gheysvandi Iman Dianat Rashid Heidarimoghadam Leili Tapak Akram Karimi-Shahanjarini Forouzan Rezapur-Shahkolai |
| author_sort | Elham Gheysvandi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Neck and shoulder pain is relatively common among children and teenagers and has a negative impact on their physical and psychological health. This study was carried out to assess the prevalence of neck and shoulder pain among elementary school students, and to investigate the relationship between this pain and its risk factors. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 693 elementary school students aged 7 to 12 years from Hamadan city, located in western Iran, were selected through the multistage cluster random sampling method. Data were collected through interviews and questionnaires. For the social and psychological variables, the parent version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used. For assessing each student’s posture, an observational checklist, the Rapid Upper Limbs Assessment (RULA), was used. The data was analyzed using the unadjusted (univariate) and adjusted (multivariate) logistic regression. Results The prevalence of the neck pain was slightly higher than that of shoulder pain. The prevalence reported over a month was 35.8 and 30.9% for neck and shoulder pain, respectively. The logistic regression analyses showed that, very high desk height (odds ratio (OR) =1.96, 95% confidence interval CI: 1.02–3.74), backward seat pan inclination (OR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.37–3.24), forward seat pan inclination (OR = 3.12, 95% CI:1.46–6.68), difficulty in viewing the board (OR = 2.54, 95% CI: 1.10–5.84), too much homework (OR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.49–4.51), RULA score at level III (OR = 2.88, 95% CI:1.64–5.05), and RULA score at level IV (OR = 3.12, 95% CI: 1.72–5.63) increased the risk of neck pain independently. On the other hand, sitting on desk and seat (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.39–0.91) and laying position for doing homework (OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.34–0.81) reduced the related risk. Very short desk height (OR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.26–4.61) and too much homework (OR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.10–3.42) increased the risk of shoulder pain. Conclusion The elementary school students reported a high prevalence of shoulder and neck pain. This study found that improper sitting positions, as well as physical factors such as the school furniture, too much homework, and difficulty in viewing the classroom board, were associated with pain. Proper interventions considering the risk factors assessed in this study, are suggested. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T23:50:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-02944983684643e38bcca678b5309003 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2458 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T23:50:27Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-02944983684643e38bcca678b53090032022-12-22T02:24:07ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582019-10-0119111110.1186/s12889-019-7706-0Neck and shoulder pain among elementary school students: prevalence and its risk factorsElham Gheysvandi0Iman Dianat1Rashid Heidarimoghadam2Leili Tapak3Akram Karimi-Shahanjarini4Forouzan Rezapur-Shahkolai5Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Occupational Health and Ergonomics, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Ergonomics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Biostatistics, School of Public Health Sciences Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background Neck and shoulder pain is relatively common among children and teenagers and has a negative impact on their physical and psychological health. This study was carried out to assess the prevalence of neck and shoulder pain among elementary school students, and to investigate the relationship between this pain and its risk factors. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 693 elementary school students aged 7 to 12 years from Hamadan city, located in western Iran, were selected through the multistage cluster random sampling method. Data were collected through interviews and questionnaires. For the social and psychological variables, the parent version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used. For assessing each student’s posture, an observational checklist, the Rapid Upper Limbs Assessment (RULA), was used. The data was analyzed using the unadjusted (univariate) and adjusted (multivariate) logistic regression. Results The prevalence of the neck pain was slightly higher than that of shoulder pain. The prevalence reported over a month was 35.8 and 30.9% for neck and shoulder pain, respectively. The logistic regression analyses showed that, very high desk height (odds ratio (OR) =1.96, 95% confidence interval CI: 1.02–3.74), backward seat pan inclination (OR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.37–3.24), forward seat pan inclination (OR = 3.12, 95% CI:1.46–6.68), difficulty in viewing the board (OR = 2.54, 95% CI: 1.10–5.84), too much homework (OR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.49–4.51), RULA score at level III (OR = 2.88, 95% CI:1.64–5.05), and RULA score at level IV (OR = 3.12, 95% CI: 1.72–5.63) increased the risk of neck pain independently. On the other hand, sitting on desk and seat (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.39–0.91) and laying position for doing homework (OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.34–0.81) reduced the related risk. Very short desk height (OR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.26–4.61) and too much homework (OR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.10–3.42) increased the risk of shoulder pain. Conclusion The elementary school students reported a high prevalence of shoulder and neck pain. This study found that improper sitting positions, as well as physical factors such as the school furniture, too much homework, and difficulty in viewing the classroom board, were associated with pain. Proper interventions considering the risk factors assessed in this study, are suggested.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-019-7706-0Musculoskeletal complaintsChildrenAdolescentPhysical risk factorsPsychological risk factors; Posture. |
| spellingShingle | Elham Gheysvandi Iman Dianat Rashid Heidarimoghadam Leili Tapak Akram Karimi-Shahanjarini Forouzan Rezapur-Shahkolai Neck and shoulder pain among elementary school students: prevalence and its risk factors BMC Public Health Musculoskeletal complaints Children Adolescent Physical risk factors Psychological risk factors; Posture. |
| title | Neck and shoulder pain among elementary school students: prevalence and its risk factors |
| title_full | Neck and shoulder pain among elementary school students: prevalence and its risk factors |
| title_fullStr | Neck and shoulder pain among elementary school students: prevalence and its risk factors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neck and shoulder pain among elementary school students: prevalence and its risk factors |
| title_short | Neck and shoulder pain among elementary school students: prevalence and its risk factors |
| title_sort | neck and shoulder pain among elementary school students prevalence and its risk factors |
| topic | Musculoskeletal complaints Children Adolescent Physical risk factors Psychological risk factors; Posture. |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-019-7706-0 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT elhamgheysvandi neckandshoulderpainamongelementaryschoolstudentsprevalenceanditsriskfactors AT imandianat neckandshoulderpainamongelementaryschoolstudentsprevalenceanditsriskfactors AT rashidheidarimoghadam neckandshoulderpainamongelementaryschoolstudentsprevalenceanditsriskfactors AT leilitapak neckandshoulderpainamongelementaryschoolstudentsprevalenceanditsriskfactors AT akramkarimishahanjarini neckandshoulderpainamongelementaryschoolstudentsprevalenceanditsriskfactors AT forouzanrezapurshahkolai neckandshoulderpainamongelementaryschoolstudentsprevalenceanditsriskfactors |