Hydrogen Purity Analysis: Suitability of Sorbent Tubes for Trapping Hydrocarbons, Halogenated Hydrocarbons and Sulphur Compounds
The ISO 14687-2 standard sets requirements for the purity of the hydrogen that is delivered at refuelling stations. These specifications cover a wide range of impurities and include challenging measurements, mainly due to the very low levels of the required detection limits and the need for R...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2019-12-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/1/120 |
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| author | Karine Arrhenius Haleh Bohlen Oliver Büker Iris de Krom Dita Heikens Janneke van Wijk |
| author_facet | Karine Arrhenius Haleh Bohlen Oliver Büker Iris de Krom Dita Heikens Janneke van Wijk |
| author_sort | Karine Arrhenius |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The ISO 14687-2 standard sets requirements for the purity of the hydrogen that is delivered at refuelling stations. These specifications cover a wide range of impurities and include challenging measurements, mainly due to the very low levels of the required detection limits and the need for “total” measurements (total hydrocarbons, total sulphur compounds, halogenated compounds). Most of the compounds belonging to the species are organic. Thermal desorption often coupled with gas chromatography is a common speciation method used to determine the content of organic impurities. However, no existing sorbent tubes are sufficiently universal to trap all possible impurities; depending on the sorbents and the sampling volume, some compounds may irreversibly adsorb or may break through. It is therefore necessary to evaluate sorbents for the compounds targeted at the level required. In this study, the suitability of sorbent tubes for trapping organic impurities in hydrogen was investigated. Suitable sorbents were selected based on a literature review of suitable sorbent materials. Short-term stability studies for compounds among hydrocarbons, halogenated compounds and sulphur compounds on the selected sorbents have then been performed for storage periods of two weeks since this is the period typically required to complete the collection, transport and analysis of hydrogen samples. The study clearly shows that the method is promising for total species, even through the results show that not all of the compounds belonging to the three total species to be analysed when performing hydrogen purity analysis can be quantified on one unique sorbent. A multibed sorbent consisting of Tenax TA (weak), Carboxen 1003 (medium), Carbograph 1 (strong) is shown to be a versatile sorbent suitable for the three “total species”; only a few compounds from each family would need to be analysed using other analytical methods. This method proposed here for total species will not only provide a sum of concentrations, but also an identification of which compound(s) is/are actually present in the hydrogen. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T20:52:43Z |
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| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T20:52:43Z |
| publishDate | 2019-12-01 |
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| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-029664e2690b44bdbcc4ff0a27de0fcd2022-12-21T18:50:40ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172019-12-0110112010.3390/app10010120app10010120Hydrogen Purity Analysis: Suitability of Sorbent Tubes for Trapping Hydrocarbons, Halogenated Hydrocarbons and Sulphur CompoundsKarine Arrhenius0Haleh Bohlen1Oliver Büker2Iris de Krom3Dita Heikens4Janneke van Wijk5Research Institutes of Sweden (RISE), Brinellgatan 4, 50462 Borås, SwedenResearch Institutes of Sweden (RISE), Brinellgatan 4, 50462 Borås, SwedenResearch Institutes of Sweden (RISE), Brinellgatan 4, 50462 Borås, SwedenVSL Dutch Metrology Institute, Department of Chemistry, Viscosity, Pressure and Mass, Thijsseweg 11, 2629 JA Delft, The NetherlandsVSL Dutch Metrology Institute, Department of Chemistry, Viscosity, Pressure and Mass, Thijsseweg 11, 2629 JA Delft, The NetherlandsVSL Dutch Metrology Institute, Department of Chemistry, Viscosity, Pressure and Mass, Thijsseweg 11, 2629 JA Delft, The NetherlandsThe ISO 14687-2 standard sets requirements for the purity of the hydrogen that is delivered at refuelling stations. These specifications cover a wide range of impurities and include challenging measurements, mainly due to the very low levels of the required detection limits and the need for “total” measurements (total hydrocarbons, total sulphur compounds, halogenated compounds). Most of the compounds belonging to the species are organic. Thermal desorption often coupled with gas chromatography is a common speciation method used to determine the content of organic impurities. However, no existing sorbent tubes are sufficiently universal to trap all possible impurities; depending on the sorbents and the sampling volume, some compounds may irreversibly adsorb or may break through. It is therefore necessary to evaluate sorbents for the compounds targeted at the level required. In this study, the suitability of sorbent tubes for trapping organic impurities in hydrogen was investigated. Suitable sorbents were selected based on a literature review of suitable sorbent materials. Short-term stability studies for compounds among hydrocarbons, halogenated compounds and sulphur compounds on the selected sorbents have then been performed for storage periods of two weeks since this is the period typically required to complete the collection, transport and analysis of hydrogen samples. The study clearly shows that the method is promising for total species, even through the results show that not all of the compounds belonging to the three total species to be analysed when performing hydrogen purity analysis can be quantified on one unique sorbent. A multibed sorbent consisting of Tenax TA (weak), Carboxen 1003 (medium), Carbograph 1 (strong) is shown to be a versatile sorbent suitable for the three “total species”; only a few compounds from each family would need to be analysed using other analytical methods. This method proposed here for total species will not only provide a sum of concentrations, but also an identification of which compound(s) is/are actually present in the hydrogen.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/1/120hydrogenfuel cellshydrogen vehiclesorbentthermal desorptionhydrogen quality |
| spellingShingle | Karine Arrhenius Haleh Bohlen Oliver Büker Iris de Krom Dita Heikens Janneke van Wijk Hydrogen Purity Analysis: Suitability of Sorbent Tubes for Trapping Hydrocarbons, Halogenated Hydrocarbons and Sulphur Compounds Applied Sciences hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen vehicle sorbent thermal desorption hydrogen quality |
| title | Hydrogen Purity Analysis: Suitability of Sorbent Tubes for Trapping Hydrocarbons, Halogenated Hydrocarbons and Sulphur Compounds |
| title_full | Hydrogen Purity Analysis: Suitability of Sorbent Tubes for Trapping Hydrocarbons, Halogenated Hydrocarbons and Sulphur Compounds |
| title_fullStr | Hydrogen Purity Analysis: Suitability of Sorbent Tubes for Trapping Hydrocarbons, Halogenated Hydrocarbons and Sulphur Compounds |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hydrogen Purity Analysis: Suitability of Sorbent Tubes for Trapping Hydrocarbons, Halogenated Hydrocarbons and Sulphur Compounds |
| title_short | Hydrogen Purity Analysis: Suitability of Sorbent Tubes for Trapping Hydrocarbons, Halogenated Hydrocarbons and Sulphur Compounds |
| title_sort | hydrogen purity analysis suitability of sorbent tubes for trapping hydrocarbons halogenated hydrocarbons and sulphur compounds |
| topic | hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen vehicle sorbent thermal desorption hydrogen quality |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/1/120 |
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