Detection and Risk Assessments of Multi-Pesticides in Traditional Chinese Medicine Chuanxiong Rhizoma by LC/MS-MS and GC/MS-MS
With the internationalization of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and the increasing use of herbal medicines around the world, there are concerns over their safety. In recent years, there have been some sporadic reports of pesticide residues in Chuanxiong Rhizoma (CX), although the lack of syste...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/3/622 |
| _version_ | 1797486200619008000 |
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| author | Delin Zhang Yan Gou Xingyu Yu Mei Wang Wen Yu Juan Zhou Wei Liu Min Li |
| author_facet | Delin Zhang Yan Gou Xingyu Yu Mei Wang Wen Yu Juan Zhou Wei Liu Min Li |
| author_sort | Delin Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With the internationalization of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and the increasing use of herbal medicines around the world, there are concerns over their safety. In recent years, there have been some sporadic reports of pesticide residues in Chuanxiong Rhizoma (CX), although the lack of systematic and comprehensive analyses of pesticide residues and evaluations of toxicological risks in human health has increased the uncertainty of the potential effects of pesticides exposure in humans. This study aimed to clarify the status of pesticide residues and to determine the health risks of pesticide residues in CX. The findings of this study revealed that 99 batches of CX samples contained pesticide residues ranging from 0.05 to 3013.17 μg/kg. Here, 6–22 kinds of pesticides were detected in each sample. Prometryn, carbendazim, dimethomorph, chlorpyrifos, chlorantraniliprole, pyraclostrobin, and paclobutrazol were the most frequently detected pesticides, with detection rates of 68.69–100%. Insecticides and fungicides accounted for 43.23% and 37.84% of the total pesticides detected, respectively. Here, 86.87% of the pesticide content levels were lower than 50 μg/kg, and a small number of samples contained carbofuran, dimethoate, and isofenphos-methyl exceeding the maximum residue levels (MRLs). A risk assessment based on the hazard quotient/hazard index (HQ/HI) approach revealed that the short-term, long-term, and cumulative risks of pesticide residues in CX are well below the levels that may pose a health risk. Worryingly, six banned pesticides (carbofuran, phorate sulfone, phorate-sulfoxide, isofenphos-methyl, terbufos-sulfone, and terbufoxon sulfoxide) were detected. This study has improved our understanding of the potential exposure risk of pesticide multi-residues in CX. The results of the study will have a positive impact on improving the quality and safety of CX and the development of MRLs for pesticide residues. |
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| language | English |
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| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-029f3c4b6048427da74883de44a788ca2023-11-23T17:09:44ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-01-0127362210.3390/molecules27030622Detection and Risk Assessments of Multi-Pesticides in Traditional Chinese Medicine Chuanxiong Rhizoma by LC/MS-MS and GC/MS-MSDelin Zhang0Yan Gou1Xingyu Yu2Mei Wang3Wen Yu4Juan Zhou5Wei Liu6Min Li7State Key Laboratory of Southwest Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Southwest Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Southwest Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Southwest Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Southwest Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, ChinaSichuan Institute for Drug Control, Chengdu 611731, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Southwest Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Southwest Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, ChinaWith the internationalization of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and the increasing use of herbal medicines around the world, there are concerns over their safety. In recent years, there have been some sporadic reports of pesticide residues in Chuanxiong Rhizoma (CX), although the lack of systematic and comprehensive analyses of pesticide residues and evaluations of toxicological risks in human health has increased the uncertainty of the potential effects of pesticides exposure in humans. This study aimed to clarify the status of pesticide residues and to determine the health risks of pesticide residues in CX. The findings of this study revealed that 99 batches of CX samples contained pesticide residues ranging from 0.05 to 3013.17 μg/kg. Here, 6–22 kinds of pesticides were detected in each sample. Prometryn, carbendazim, dimethomorph, chlorpyrifos, chlorantraniliprole, pyraclostrobin, and paclobutrazol were the most frequently detected pesticides, with detection rates of 68.69–100%. Insecticides and fungicides accounted for 43.23% and 37.84% of the total pesticides detected, respectively. Here, 86.87% of the pesticide content levels were lower than 50 μg/kg, and a small number of samples contained carbofuran, dimethoate, and isofenphos-methyl exceeding the maximum residue levels (MRLs). A risk assessment based on the hazard quotient/hazard index (HQ/HI) approach revealed that the short-term, long-term, and cumulative risks of pesticide residues in CX are well below the levels that may pose a health risk. Worryingly, six banned pesticides (carbofuran, phorate sulfone, phorate-sulfoxide, isofenphos-methyl, terbufos-sulfone, and terbufoxon sulfoxide) were detected. This study has improved our understanding of the potential exposure risk of pesticide multi-residues in CX. The results of the study will have a positive impact on improving the quality and safety of CX and the development of MRLs for pesticide residues.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/3/622Chuanxiong Rhizomatraditional Chinese medicinepesticide residueshealth risk assessmenthazard quotientshazard index |
| spellingShingle | Delin Zhang Yan Gou Xingyu Yu Mei Wang Wen Yu Juan Zhou Wei Liu Min Li Detection and Risk Assessments of Multi-Pesticides in Traditional Chinese Medicine Chuanxiong Rhizoma by LC/MS-MS and GC/MS-MS Molecules Chuanxiong Rhizoma traditional Chinese medicine pesticide residues health risk assessment hazard quotients hazard index |
| title | Detection and Risk Assessments of Multi-Pesticides in Traditional Chinese Medicine Chuanxiong Rhizoma by LC/MS-MS and GC/MS-MS |
| title_full | Detection and Risk Assessments of Multi-Pesticides in Traditional Chinese Medicine Chuanxiong Rhizoma by LC/MS-MS and GC/MS-MS |
| title_fullStr | Detection and Risk Assessments of Multi-Pesticides in Traditional Chinese Medicine Chuanxiong Rhizoma by LC/MS-MS and GC/MS-MS |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detection and Risk Assessments of Multi-Pesticides in Traditional Chinese Medicine Chuanxiong Rhizoma by LC/MS-MS and GC/MS-MS |
| title_short | Detection and Risk Assessments of Multi-Pesticides in Traditional Chinese Medicine Chuanxiong Rhizoma by LC/MS-MS and GC/MS-MS |
| title_sort | detection and risk assessments of multi pesticides in traditional chinese medicine chuanxiong rhizoma by lc ms ms and gc ms ms |
| topic | Chuanxiong Rhizoma traditional Chinese medicine pesticide residues health risk assessment hazard quotients hazard index |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/3/622 |
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