Accumulation and Release of Cadmium Ions in the Lichen <i>Evernia prunastri</i> (L.) Ach. and Wood-Derived Biochar: Implication for the Use of Biochar for Environmental Biomonitoring
Biochar (BC) boasts diverse environmental applications. However, its potential for environmental biomonitoring has, surprisingly, remained largely unexplored. This study presents a preliminary analysis of BC’s potential as a biomonitor for the environmental availability of ionic Cd, utilizing the li...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/1/66 |
| _version_ | 1827371084573310976 |
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| author | Andrea Vannini Luca Pagano Marco Bartoli Riccardo Fedeli Alessio Malcevschi Michele Sidoli Giacomo Magnani Daniele Pontiroli Mauro Riccò Marta Marmiroli Alessandro Petraglia Stefano Loppi |
| author_facet | Andrea Vannini Luca Pagano Marco Bartoli Riccardo Fedeli Alessio Malcevschi Michele Sidoli Giacomo Magnani Daniele Pontiroli Mauro Riccò Marta Marmiroli Alessandro Petraglia Stefano Loppi |
| author_sort | Andrea Vannini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Biochar (BC) boasts diverse environmental applications. However, its potential for environmental biomonitoring has, surprisingly, remained largely unexplored. This study presents a preliminary analysis of BC’s potential as a biomonitor for the environmental availability of ionic Cd, utilizing the lichen <i>Evernia prunastri</i> (L.) Ach. as a reference organism. For this purpose, the lichen <i>E. prunastri</i> and two types of wood-derived biochar, biochar 1 (BC1) and biochar 2 (BC2), obtained from two anonymous producers, were investigated for their ability to accumulate, or sequester and subsequently release, Cd when exposed to Cd-depleted conditions. Samples of lichen and biochar (fractions between 2 and 4 mm) were soaked for 1 h in a solution containing deionized water (control), 10 µM, and 100 µM Cd<sup>2+</sup> (accumulation phase). Then, 50% of the treated samples were soaked for 24 h in deionized water (depuration phase). The lichen showed a very good ability to adsorb ionic Cd, higher than the two biochar samples (more than 46.5%), and a weak ability to release the metal (ca. 6%). As compared to the lichen, BC2 showed a lower capacity for Cd accumulation (−48%) and release (ca. 3%). BC1, on the other hand, showed a slightly higher Cd accumulation capacity than BC2 (+3.6%), but a release capacity similar to that of the lichen (ca. 5%). The surface area and the cation exchange capacity of the organism and the tested materials seem to play a key role in their ability to accumulate and sequester Cd, respectively. This study suggests the potential use of BC as a (bio)monitor for the presence of PTEs in atmospheric depositions and, perhaps, water bodies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:33:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-02a6981bb28d4419ac7a94aae81bdce7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:33:03Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-02a6981bb28d4419ac7a94aae81bdce72024-01-26T18:41:20ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042024-01-011216610.3390/toxics12010066Accumulation and Release of Cadmium Ions in the Lichen <i>Evernia prunastri</i> (L.) Ach. and Wood-Derived Biochar: Implication for the Use of Biochar for Environmental BiomonitoringAndrea Vannini0Luca Pagano1Marco Bartoli2Riccardo Fedeli3Alessio Malcevschi4Michele Sidoli5Giacomo Magnani6Daniele Pontiroli7Mauro Riccò8Marta Marmiroli9Alessandro Petraglia10Stefano Loppi11Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, 43124 Parma, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, 43124 Parma, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, 43124 Parma, ItalyDepartment of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via PA Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, 43124 Parma, ItalyDepartment of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7/a, 43124 Parma, ItalyDepartment of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7/a, 43124 Parma, ItalyDepartment of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7/a, 43124 Parma, ItalyDepartment of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7/a, 43124 Parma, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, 43124 Parma, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, 43124 Parma, ItalyDepartment of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via PA Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, ItalyBiochar (BC) boasts diverse environmental applications. However, its potential for environmental biomonitoring has, surprisingly, remained largely unexplored. This study presents a preliminary analysis of BC’s potential as a biomonitor for the environmental availability of ionic Cd, utilizing the lichen <i>Evernia prunastri</i> (L.) Ach. as a reference organism. For this purpose, the lichen <i>E. prunastri</i> and two types of wood-derived biochar, biochar 1 (BC1) and biochar 2 (BC2), obtained from two anonymous producers, were investigated for their ability to accumulate, or sequester and subsequently release, Cd when exposed to Cd-depleted conditions. Samples of lichen and biochar (fractions between 2 and 4 mm) were soaked for 1 h in a solution containing deionized water (control), 10 µM, and 100 µM Cd<sup>2+</sup> (accumulation phase). Then, 50% of the treated samples were soaked for 24 h in deionized water (depuration phase). The lichen showed a very good ability to adsorb ionic Cd, higher than the two biochar samples (more than 46.5%), and a weak ability to release the metal (ca. 6%). As compared to the lichen, BC2 showed a lower capacity for Cd accumulation (−48%) and release (ca. 3%). BC1, on the other hand, showed a slightly higher Cd accumulation capacity than BC2 (+3.6%), but a release capacity similar to that of the lichen (ca. 5%). The surface area and the cation exchange capacity of the organism and the tested materials seem to play a key role in their ability to accumulate and sequester Cd, respectively. This study suggests the potential use of BC as a (bio)monitor for the presence of PTEs in atmospheric depositions and, perhaps, water bodies.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/1/66biomonitoringcadmium accumulationcadmium releasecadmium removalcation exchange capacitysurface area |
| spellingShingle | Andrea Vannini Luca Pagano Marco Bartoli Riccardo Fedeli Alessio Malcevschi Michele Sidoli Giacomo Magnani Daniele Pontiroli Mauro Riccò Marta Marmiroli Alessandro Petraglia Stefano Loppi Accumulation and Release of Cadmium Ions in the Lichen <i>Evernia prunastri</i> (L.) Ach. and Wood-Derived Biochar: Implication for the Use of Biochar for Environmental Biomonitoring Toxics biomonitoring cadmium accumulation cadmium release cadmium removal cation exchange capacity surface area |
| title | Accumulation and Release of Cadmium Ions in the Lichen <i>Evernia prunastri</i> (L.) Ach. and Wood-Derived Biochar: Implication for the Use of Biochar for Environmental Biomonitoring |
| title_full | Accumulation and Release of Cadmium Ions in the Lichen <i>Evernia prunastri</i> (L.) Ach. and Wood-Derived Biochar: Implication for the Use of Biochar for Environmental Biomonitoring |
| title_fullStr | Accumulation and Release of Cadmium Ions in the Lichen <i>Evernia prunastri</i> (L.) Ach. and Wood-Derived Biochar: Implication for the Use of Biochar for Environmental Biomonitoring |
| title_full_unstemmed | Accumulation and Release of Cadmium Ions in the Lichen <i>Evernia prunastri</i> (L.) Ach. and Wood-Derived Biochar: Implication for the Use of Biochar for Environmental Biomonitoring |
| title_short | Accumulation and Release of Cadmium Ions in the Lichen <i>Evernia prunastri</i> (L.) Ach. and Wood-Derived Biochar: Implication for the Use of Biochar for Environmental Biomonitoring |
| title_sort | accumulation and release of cadmium ions in the lichen i evernia prunastri i l ach and wood derived biochar implication for the use of biochar for environmental biomonitoring |
| topic | biomonitoring cadmium accumulation cadmium release cadmium removal cation exchange capacity surface area |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/1/66 |
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