Utilization of the spent catalyst as a raw material for rechargeable battery production: The effect of leaching time, type, and concentration of organic acids
This study examines the potential use of the spent catalyst as a raw material for rechargeable batteries. The spent catalyst Ni/γ-Al2O3 still contains relatively high amounts of nickel. This indicates the potential use of the spent catalyst to be leached and purified for synthesizing nickel-based co...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Diponegoro University
2023-05-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Renewable Energy Development |
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| Online Access: | https://ijred.cbiore.id/index.php/ijred/article/view/51353 |
| _version_ | 1797449734900678656 |
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| author | Tabita Kristina Mora Ayu Panggabean Ratna Frida Susanti Widi Astuti Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus Anastasia Prima Kristijarti Kevin Cleary Wanta |
| author_facet | Tabita Kristina Mora Ayu Panggabean Ratna Frida Susanti Widi Astuti Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus Anastasia Prima Kristijarti Kevin Cleary Wanta |
| author_sort | Tabita Kristina Mora Ayu Panggabean |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study examines the potential use of the spent catalyst as a raw material for rechargeable batteries. The spent catalyst Ni/γ-Al2O3 still contains relatively high amounts of nickel. This indicates the potential use of the spent catalyst to be leached and purified for synthesizing nickel-based compounds so that it can be applied to rechargeable battery cathodes. In this study, the spent catalyst leaching process employed four types of organic acids: citric acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, and acetic acid. The spent catalyst was leached under atmospheric conditions and room temperature. Organic acid concentrations were also varied at 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2 M. The leaching process took place for 240 minutes, where sampling was conducted periodically at 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes. Experimental results showed that Ni (II) and Al (III) ions were successfully leached to the maximum when using 2M citric acids at a leaching time of 240 minutes. The conditions succeeded in leaching Ni (II) and Al (III) ions of 357.8 and 1,975.4 ppm, respectively. Organic acid, notably citric acid, has excellent potential for further development. Citric acid, as a solvent, has the ability to leach metal ions with high recovery. In addition, this acid is categorized as an eco-friendly and green solvent compared to inorganic acid. Thus, the leaching process can take place without harming the environment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T14:30:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-02a97d6e2803496c927423c40020f48d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2252-4940 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T14:30:20Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | Diponegoro University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Renewable Energy Development |
| spelling | doaj.art-02a97d6e2803496c927423c40020f48d2023-11-28T02:08:37ZengDiponegoro UniversityInternational Journal of Renewable Energy Development2252-49402023-05-0112345946610.14710/ijred.2023.5135321697Utilization of the spent catalyst as a raw material for rechargeable battery production: The effect of leaching time, type, and concentration of organic acidsTabita Kristina Mora Ayu Panggabean0https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5970-7712Ratna Frida Susanti1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4619-0300Widi Astuti2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9364-4291Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9372-0784Anastasia Prima Kristijarti4https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4458-7845Kevin Cleary Wanta5https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3780-820XDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Parahyangan Catholic University, Bandung, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Parahyangan Catholic University, Bandung, IndonesiaResearch Unit for Mineral Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Tanjung Bintang, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Parahyangan Catholic University, Bandung, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Parahyangan Catholic University, Bandung, IndonesiaThis study examines the potential use of the spent catalyst as a raw material for rechargeable batteries. The spent catalyst Ni/γ-Al2O3 still contains relatively high amounts of nickel. This indicates the potential use of the spent catalyst to be leached and purified for synthesizing nickel-based compounds so that it can be applied to rechargeable battery cathodes. In this study, the spent catalyst leaching process employed four types of organic acids: citric acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, and acetic acid. The spent catalyst was leached under atmospheric conditions and room temperature. Organic acid concentrations were also varied at 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2 M. The leaching process took place for 240 minutes, where sampling was conducted periodically at 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes. Experimental results showed that Ni (II) and Al (III) ions were successfully leached to the maximum when using 2M citric acids at a leaching time of 240 minutes. The conditions succeeded in leaching Ni (II) and Al (III) ions of 357.8 and 1,975.4 ppm, respectively. Organic acid, notably citric acid, has excellent potential for further development. Citric acid, as a solvent, has the ability to leach metal ions with high recovery. In addition, this acid is categorized as an eco-friendly and green solvent compared to inorganic acid. Thus, the leaching process can take place without harming the environment.https://ijred.cbiore.id/index.php/ijred/article/view/51353batteriesorganic acidspent catalystnickelaluminum |
| spellingShingle | Tabita Kristina Mora Ayu Panggabean Ratna Frida Susanti Widi Astuti Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus Anastasia Prima Kristijarti Kevin Cleary Wanta Utilization of the spent catalyst as a raw material for rechargeable battery production: The effect of leaching time, type, and concentration of organic acids International Journal of Renewable Energy Development batteries organic acid spent catalyst nickel aluminum |
| title | Utilization of the spent catalyst as a raw material for rechargeable battery production: The effect of leaching time, type, and concentration of organic acids |
| title_full | Utilization of the spent catalyst as a raw material for rechargeable battery production: The effect of leaching time, type, and concentration of organic acids |
| title_fullStr | Utilization of the spent catalyst as a raw material for rechargeable battery production: The effect of leaching time, type, and concentration of organic acids |
| title_full_unstemmed | Utilization of the spent catalyst as a raw material for rechargeable battery production: The effect of leaching time, type, and concentration of organic acids |
| title_short | Utilization of the spent catalyst as a raw material for rechargeable battery production: The effect of leaching time, type, and concentration of organic acids |
| title_sort | utilization of the spent catalyst as a raw material for rechargeable battery production the effect of leaching time type and concentration of organic acids |
| topic | batteries organic acid spent catalyst nickel aluminum |
| url | https://ijred.cbiore.id/index.php/ijred/article/view/51353 |
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