The Involvement of Aquaporin-4 in the Interstitial Fluid Drainage Impairment Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
The mechanism of brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has not yet been clarified. The glymphatic system (GS), a glia-dependent waste clearance pathway, drains away soluble waste proteins and metabolic products, even some toxic factors from the brain. Aquaporin-4 (Aqp4) is highly expr...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-01-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2020.611494/full |
| _version_ | 1818722777138462720 |
|---|---|
| author | E. Liu E. Liu Xianlong Peng Haowen Ma Yan Zhang Xiaomei Yang Yixuan Zhang Linlin Sun Junhao Yan Junhao Yan |
| author_facet | E. Liu E. Liu Xianlong Peng Haowen Ma Yan Zhang Xiaomei Yang Yixuan Zhang Linlin Sun Junhao Yan Junhao Yan |
| author_sort | E. Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The mechanism of brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has not yet been clarified. The glymphatic system (GS), a glia-dependent waste clearance pathway, drains away soluble waste proteins and metabolic products, even some toxic factors from the brain. Aquaporin-4 (Aqp4) is highly expressed on the astrocyte foot processes and facilitates the interstitial fluid (ISF) transportation in the GS system. In this study, the role of Aqp4 in the GS injury after SAH was explored using Aqp4 gene knockout (Aqp4−/−) Sprague Dawley rats. The results of MRI, fluorescent imaging, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that, after SAH, the inflow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the brain and the clearance of ISF from the brain were both significantly decreased. Meanwhile, the expression level of Aqp4 around the artery was markedly higher than that around the vein following SAH. Aqp4 knockout exacerbated the GS damage after SAH. In summary, after SAH, there was an apparent GS impairment, and Aqp4 played key roles in modulating the function of GS in the brain. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T21:00:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-02b85021163847daaddf2157e8f62b72 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1663-4365 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T21:00:01Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-02b85021163847daaddf2157e8f62b722022-12-21T21:32:45ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience1663-43652021-01-011210.3389/fnagi.2020.611494611494The Involvement of Aquaporin-4 in the Interstitial Fluid Drainage Impairment Following Subarachnoid HemorrhageE. Liu0E. Liu1Xianlong Peng2Haowen Ma3Yan Zhang4Xiaomei Yang5Yixuan Zhang6Linlin Sun7Junhao Yan8Junhao Yan9Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, ChinaDepartment of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Key Lab of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, ChinaThe mechanism of brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has not yet been clarified. The glymphatic system (GS), a glia-dependent waste clearance pathway, drains away soluble waste proteins and metabolic products, even some toxic factors from the brain. Aquaporin-4 (Aqp4) is highly expressed on the astrocyte foot processes and facilitates the interstitial fluid (ISF) transportation in the GS system. In this study, the role of Aqp4 in the GS injury after SAH was explored using Aqp4 gene knockout (Aqp4−/−) Sprague Dawley rats. The results of MRI, fluorescent imaging, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that, after SAH, the inflow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the brain and the clearance of ISF from the brain were both significantly decreased. Meanwhile, the expression level of Aqp4 around the artery was markedly higher than that around the vein following SAH. Aqp4 knockout exacerbated the GS damage after SAH. In summary, after SAH, there was an apparent GS impairment, and Aqp4 played key roles in modulating the function of GS in the brain.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2020.611494/fullaquaporin-4interstitial fluidsubarachnoid hemorrhageglymphatic systemrat |
| spellingShingle | E. Liu E. Liu Xianlong Peng Haowen Ma Yan Zhang Xiaomei Yang Yixuan Zhang Linlin Sun Junhao Yan Junhao Yan The Involvement of Aquaporin-4 in the Interstitial Fluid Drainage Impairment Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience aquaporin-4 interstitial fluid subarachnoid hemorrhage glymphatic system rat |
| title | The Involvement of Aquaporin-4 in the Interstitial Fluid Drainage Impairment Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage |
| title_full | The Involvement of Aquaporin-4 in the Interstitial Fluid Drainage Impairment Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage |
| title_fullStr | The Involvement of Aquaporin-4 in the Interstitial Fluid Drainage Impairment Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Involvement of Aquaporin-4 in the Interstitial Fluid Drainage Impairment Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage |
| title_short | The Involvement of Aquaporin-4 in the Interstitial Fluid Drainage Impairment Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage |
| title_sort | involvement of aquaporin 4 in the interstitial fluid drainage impairment following subarachnoid hemorrhage |
| topic | aquaporin-4 interstitial fluid subarachnoid hemorrhage glymphatic system rat |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2020.611494/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT eliu theinvolvementofaquaporin4intheinterstitialfluiddrainageimpairmentfollowingsubarachnoidhemorrhage AT eliu theinvolvementofaquaporin4intheinterstitialfluiddrainageimpairmentfollowingsubarachnoidhemorrhage AT xianlongpeng theinvolvementofaquaporin4intheinterstitialfluiddrainageimpairmentfollowingsubarachnoidhemorrhage AT haowenma theinvolvementofaquaporin4intheinterstitialfluiddrainageimpairmentfollowingsubarachnoidhemorrhage AT yanzhang theinvolvementofaquaporin4intheinterstitialfluiddrainageimpairmentfollowingsubarachnoidhemorrhage AT xiaomeiyang theinvolvementofaquaporin4intheinterstitialfluiddrainageimpairmentfollowingsubarachnoidhemorrhage AT yixuanzhang theinvolvementofaquaporin4intheinterstitialfluiddrainageimpairmentfollowingsubarachnoidhemorrhage AT linlinsun theinvolvementofaquaporin4intheinterstitialfluiddrainageimpairmentfollowingsubarachnoidhemorrhage AT junhaoyan theinvolvementofaquaporin4intheinterstitialfluiddrainageimpairmentfollowingsubarachnoidhemorrhage AT junhaoyan theinvolvementofaquaporin4intheinterstitialfluiddrainageimpairmentfollowingsubarachnoidhemorrhage AT eliu involvementofaquaporin4intheinterstitialfluiddrainageimpairmentfollowingsubarachnoidhemorrhage AT eliu involvementofaquaporin4intheinterstitialfluiddrainageimpairmentfollowingsubarachnoidhemorrhage AT xianlongpeng involvementofaquaporin4intheinterstitialfluiddrainageimpairmentfollowingsubarachnoidhemorrhage AT haowenma involvementofaquaporin4intheinterstitialfluiddrainageimpairmentfollowingsubarachnoidhemorrhage AT yanzhang involvementofaquaporin4intheinterstitialfluiddrainageimpairmentfollowingsubarachnoidhemorrhage AT xiaomeiyang involvementofaquaporin4intheinterstitialfluiddrainageimpairmentfollowingsubarachnoidhemorrhage AT yixuanzhang involvementofaquaporin4intheinterstitialfluiddrainageimpairmentfollowingsubarachnoidhemorrhage AT linlinsun involvementofaquaporin4intheinterstitialfluiddrainageimpairmentfollowingsubarachnoidhemorrhage AT junhaoyan involvementofaquaporin4intheinterstitialfluiddrainageimpairmentfollowingsubarachnoidhemorrhage AT junhaoyan involvementofaquaporin4intheinterstitialfluiddrainageimpairmentfollowingsubarachnoidhemorrhage |